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Musculoskeletal ter
CF Prefix Suffix
Question | Answer |
---|---|
acetabul/o | acetabulum (hip socket) |
acro/o | extremities |
acromi/o | acromion |
ankyl/o | crooked, bent, stiff |
arthr/o Or articul/o | Joint |
blast/o | developing cell |
burs/o | bursa (sac of fluid near joints) |
calcane/o | calcaneus (heel bone) |
calc/o | Calcium |
carp/o | carpus (wrist bone) |
chondr/o | cartilage |
clavicul/o | clavicle (collar bone) |
coccyg/o | coccyx (tale bone) |
cost/o | ribs |
crani/o | skull |
femor/o | femur (thigh bone) |
fibr/o | fibers, fibrous tissue |
fibros/o | fibrous tissue |
fibul/o | fibula |
humer/o | humorus (upper arm bone) |
ili/o | ilium |
ischi/o | ischium (part of hip bone) |
kinesi/o | movement, motion |
kyph/o | humpback |
lamin/o | lamina (part of vertebral arch) |
lapar/o | abdominal wall |
leiomy/o | smooth (visceral) muscle |
ligament/o | ligament |
lord/o | swayback, curve |
lumb/o | lower back, loins |
malleol/o | malleolus |
mandibul/o | lower jaw bone |
maxill/o | upper jaw bone |
menisc/o | meniscus (crescent) |
metacarp/o | metacarpals (hand bones) |
my/o | muscle |
myel/o | spinal cord, bone marrow |
myelon/o | bone marrow |
myocardi/o | heart muscle |
myos/o | muscle |
olecran/o | elbow |
om/a | shoulder |
orth/o | straight |
oste/o | bone |
patell/o | patella |
pelv/o | pelvic bone, hip |
perone/o | fibula |
petr/o | stone |
phalang/o | phalanges (finger and toe bones) |
pub/o | pubis (part of hip bone) |
pyr/o | fever |
rachi/o | spinal column, vertebrae |
radi/o | radius (lateral lower arm bone), x-rays |
rhabdomy/o | striated (skeletal) muscle |
sacr/o | sacrum |
sarc/o | flesh (connective tissue) |
scapul/o | scapula, shoulder bone |
scoli/o | crooked, bent |
spondyl/o | vertebrea (backbones) |
stern/o | sternum (breastbone) |
submaxill/o | lower jaw bone |
syndesm/o | ligament |
synovi/o | synovia (joint fluid) |
tars/o | tarsals (ankle bone) |
ten/o | tendon |
thorac/o | chest |
tibi/o | tibia (shin bone) |
uln/o | ulna (medial lower arm bone) |
vertebr/o | vertebrae (backbones) |
amphi- | on both sides |
de- | lack of |
di- | complete, through |
dia- | complete, through |
inter- | between |
peri- | surrounding |
supra- | above |
sym- | together, with |
syn- | together, with |
-clasia | break |
-asthenia | weakness |
-blast | embryonic, immature |
-clasis | break |
-desis | binding together |
-lemma | sheath, covering |
-malacia | softening |
-physis | grow, growth |
-porosis | passage |
-schisis | to split |
-sthenia | strength |
-trophy | nourishment, development |
-clast | break |
calci/o | calcium |
calei/o | calcium |
tend/o | tendon |
tendin/o | tendon |
treating musculoskeletal deformities in children | Orthopedist |
treat joint diseases such as the various forms of arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis | Rheumatologist |
surgical subspecialists in diseases and structural problems of the feet | Podiatrists |
A fiberoptic instrument is introduced into a joint cavity in order to visualize surfaces of bones entering into a joint, find tears in internal joint structures and evaluate sources of inflammation. | Arthroscopy |
A radioactive element in very small amounts, not enough to cause any radiation injury to the patient, is introduced into the blood stream | Bone scan |
recording of muscle electrical activity | Electromyography |
Cutting out a small tissue sample of muscle in order to examine it under a microscope | Muscle biopsy |
joint tissues become less resilient to wear and tear and start to degenerate manifesting as swelling, pain, and oftentimes, loss of mobility of joints | Arthritis |
Changes occur in both joint soft tissues and the opposing bones | osteoarthritis |
an autoimmune disease wherein the body produces antibodies against joint tissues causing chronic inflammation resulting in severe joint damage, pain and immobility | rheumatoid arthritis |
The hard, rock-like quality of bone is dependent upon calcium. When too much calcium is dissolved from bones or not enough replaced, bones lose density and are easily fractured | Osteoporosis |
"Soft bones". If not enough calcium is deposited during early childhood development, the bones do not become rock-hard, but rubbery. | Osteomalacia |
People whose job involves repeated flexing of their wrist (typing, house painting) may develop tingling and/or pain in their thumb, index and middle fingers along with weakness of movements of the thumb, especially, grasping an object. | Carpal tunnel syndrome |
Repeated strain on a tendon, attachment of a muscle to bone, can inflame the tendon resulting in pain and difficulty with movement involving the muscle | Tendonitis |
. Hard, fast movements, such as in tennis and baseball can tear one of these tendons resulting in pain and decreased mobility of the shoulder. | Rotator cuff tear |
Muscular dystrophy | MD |
This inherited disease leads to degeneration and weakness of muscles manifesting at birth. | Muscular dystrophy |
This is an autoimmune disease that involves production of antibodies that interfere with nerves stimulating muscle contractions. | Myasthenia gravis |
An autoimmune disease wherein the body produces antibodies against a variety of organs, especially connective tissues of skin and joints | Lupus erythematosus |
may involve a distinctive butterfly-shaped rash over the nose and cheeks and may also involve myalgia and arthralgia | Mild lupus |
involves inflammation of multiple organ systems such as the heart, lungs, or kidneys. | Severe or systemic lupus |
SLE | Severe or systemic lupus |
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, S shaped curve of the spinal column | Scoliosis |
humpbacked abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine which pushes the head and shoulders forward | Kyphosis |
swaybacked, abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine which pushes the abdomen forward and the hips backward | Lordosis |
synarthrotic Joint | immovable |
amphiathrotic | slightly movable |
diathrotic | freely movable |
accumulation of uric acid crystals within the joint. | gout |
attach muscles to bone | Tendons |
When muscles attach to other muscles or to a large flat bone, the attachment is | aponeurosis |
attach bone to bone | Ligaments |
slipped disk, ruptured disk, herniated nucleus pulposus | herniated disk |
kyphosis | hunchback |
rachischisis | spina bifida |
ankylosing spondylitis | Strumpell-Marie arthritis or disease |
bunion | hallux valgus |
exostosis | spur |
bones that are strong and have large surface areas for muscles to attach. | long bones |
bones that are grouped together to help provide movement. | short bones |
Bones that cover and protect soft body parts. | flat bones |
bones, such as the kneecap, are small and rounded; they are found near joints to increase the efficiency of the muscles near that joint. | Sesamoid bones |
middle region of long bones | Diaphysis |
each end of the long bones | Epiphysis |
cartilage tissue that is constantly replaced as bone grows; disappears when bone is fully grown, very obvious in children | Epiphyseal plate |
flared portion of bone between diaphysis and epiphysis | Metaphysis |
strong, fibrous, vascular covering of long bones; has extensive nerve supply | Periosteum |
ends of long bones and surface of any bone that meets another to form a joint; cushions the joint, allowing fluid movement | Articular cartilage |
layer of hard dense bone under the periosteum; contains canals of blood vessels that nourish the bone and remove waste products | Compact bone |
channels in compact bone that contain blood vessels | Haversian canals |
central shaft of long bones that contains yellow bone marrow that is made up of mostly fat cells | Medullary cavity |
spongy, porous bone tissue in the center of bones that contain spaces that contain red bone marrow; this is where red blood cells are made. | Cancellous bone |
Fossa | shallow cavity in a bone |
Foramen | opening in a bone for blood vessels and nerves |
Fissure | deep, narrow slit in a bone |
Sinus | hollow cavity in a bone |
Striated | made up of voluntary or skeletal muscles that move all bones, facial expressions and eye movement; we control these muscles |
involuntary or visceral muscles that move internal organs, such as the digestive tract; we do not control these. Muscle fibers are arranged in sheets that wrap around vessels | Smooth |
heart muscles; we do not control these. Arranged in branching fibers | Cardiac: |
Bones | 206 adult |
Muscle | over 600 |
endosteum | membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone |
red marrow | thick, blood-like material found in flat bones and the ends of long bones (location of blood cell formation) |
yellow marrow | soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones |
diaphysis | shaft of the long bones |
epiphysis | ends of the long bone |
bone marrow | material found in the cavities of bones |
maxilla | upper jawbone |
mandible | lower jawbone |
cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) | first set of 7 forming the neck |
thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) | second set of 12 vertebrae |
lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) | third set of 5 larger vertebrae, which forms the inward curve of spine |
sacrum | next five vertebrae, which fuse together |
coccyx | four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone |
lamina | part of the vertebral arch |
clavicle (2) | collarbone |
scapula (2) | shoulder blade |
sternum | breastbone |
upper extremities | arm and hand bones |
pelvic bones (3 pairs fused together) | (3 pairs fused together) |
lower extremities | leg and foot bones |
joint | holds bones together and makes movement possible |
articular cartilage | smooth layer of gristle covering the contacting surface of joints |
meniscus | crescent-shaped cartilage found in the knee |
intervertebral disk | cartilagionous pad found between the vertebrae in the spine |
pubic symphysis | cartilaginous joint at which two public bones fuse together |