20/21st - Davis - SVHS - Immigration & Urbanization
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| Angel Island | Immigration processing station in San Francisco Bay primary for Asian Immigrants
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| Ellis Island | Immigration processing station in New York that processed thousands of European Immigrants a day
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| Nativism | the favoring of native born Americans
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| Melting Pot | a mix of people from different cultures and races
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| Assimilation | making people from different cultures become more "American"
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| Urbanization | the growth of cities as a result of industrialization, immigration, & technological developments in agriculture
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| Social Gospel Movement | preached salvation through service to the poor
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| Settlement Houses | community centers in slum neighborhoods
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| Birds of Passage | immigrants who intended to stay temporarily to earn money and then return to their homeland
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| Political Machine | an organized group that controlled the activities of a political party in a city
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| Why did immigrants come to America? | the promise of a better life, to escape difficult conditions, and looking for opportunity
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| What opportunities in the U.S. attracted the Chinese? | Gold Rush, Railroad, Farming, & as Domestic Servants
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| What challenges were immigrants faced with once admitted into the country? | finding a place to live, getting a job, and getting along in daily life
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| Immigrants from the "right countries" were? | British, German, & Scandinavian
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| Immigrants from the "wrong countries" were? | Slav, Latin, & of Asiatic races
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| Government sponsored programs taught immigrants skills needed for citizenship included? | English literacy, American History/Government, Cooking, & Social Etiquette
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| What group of people migrated to the North from the South due to technilogical developments in agriculture that cost them their jobs? | African Americans
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| Who was the reformer through his pictures hoped for change and influenced many? | Jacob Riis
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| Who was the most famous member of the Settlement Movement (founded Hull House in Chicago)? | Jane Addams
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| Why did the immigrants consider themselves as “hyphenated” Americans? | because they were committed to their own culture, but also trying hard to become Americans
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| What made up a political machine? | precint workers & captains, ward bosses, city bosses, & the politicians they worked to get elected
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| The "Boss" of the political machine typically held what position? | mayor
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| Precint captains & ward bosses were often _________________? | 1st or 2nd generation immigrants
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| What did these political machines help immigrants with? | naturalization, jobs, and housing
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| What did the "Boss" have control over in the city? | jobs, business licenses, and influenced the court system
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| When the "Boss" reached out to help those of the city in various ways what were they aking for in return? | votes for a candidate they were supporting
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| ___________ was common among political bosses to allow illegal activities such as gambling. | Graft
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| ____________became head of Tammany Hall, NYC’s powerful Democratic political machines | William "Boss" Tweed
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| The system of hiring government officials had been based on _________ giving jobs and favors to those who helped a candidate get elected. | patronage
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| Reformers pushed for an adoption of a ________________of hiring the most qualified for civil service jobs based on their performance on an exam. | merit system
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| The ______________________ of 1883 authorized a bipartisan commission to make appointments for federal jobs based on performance on civil service examination. | The Pendleton Civil Service Act
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