Innervations, origins, insertions, spinal nerves
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| Deltoid (Clavicular part) proximal attachment | lateral one third of clavicle
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| Deltoid (Acromial part) proximal attachment | acromion
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| Deltoid (Spinal part) proximal attachment | Scapular spine
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| Deltoid distal attachment | humerus- deltoid tuberosity
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| Deltoid innervation | axillary n. (C5, C6)
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| Deltoid (Clavicular part) action | flexion, internal rotation, adduction
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| Deltoid (Acromion part) action | abduction
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| Deltoid (Scapular spine) action | extension, external rotation, adduction
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| Supraspinatus proximal attachment | scapula- supraspinous fossa
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| Infraspinatus proximal attachment | scapula- infraspinous fossa
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| Teres minor proximal attachment | scapula- lateral border
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| Subscapularis proximal attachment | scapula- subscapular fossa
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| Supraspinatus distal attachment | humerus- greater tuberosity
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| Infraspinatus distal attachment | humerus- greater tuberosity
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| Teres minor distal attachment | humerus- greater tuberosity
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| Subscapularis distal attachment | humerus- lesser tuberosity
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| Supraspinatus innervation | suprascapular n. (C4-C6)
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| Infraspinatus innervation | suprascapular n. (C4-C6)
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| Teres minor innervation | axillary n. (C5, C6)
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| Subscapularis innervation | Subscapular n. (C5, C6)
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| Supraspinatus action | abduction
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| Infraspinatus action | external rotation
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| Teres minor action | external rotation, weak adduction
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| Subscapularis action | internal rotation
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| Pectoralis major (clavicular part) proximal attachment | clavicle- medial half
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| Pectoralis major (sternocostal part) proximal attachment | sternum and costal cartilages 1-6
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| Pectoralis major (abdominal part) proximal attachment | rectus sheath- anterior layer
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| Pectoralis major (all parts) distal attachment | humerus- crest of greater tuberosity
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| Pectoralis major innervation | medial and lateral pectoral n. (C5-T1)
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| Pectoralis major action | adduction, internal rotation
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| Pectoralis major (clavicular, sternocostal parts) action | flexion; assist in respiration when shoulder is fixed
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| Coracobrachialis proximal attachment | scapula- coracoid process
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| Coracobrachialis distal attachment | humerus- in line with crest of lesser tuberosity
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| Coracobrachialis innervation | musculocutaneous n. (C6, C7)
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| Coracobrachialis action | flexion, adduction, internal rotation
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| Subclavius proximal attachment | 1st rib
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| Subclavius distal attachment | Clavicle- inferior surface
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| Subclavius innervation | N. to subclavius (C5, C6)
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| Subclavius action | steadies clavicle in sternoclavicular joint
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| Pectoralis minor proximal attachment | 3rd-5th ribs
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| Pectoralis minor distal attachment | coracoid process
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| Pectoralis minor innervation | medial and lateral pectoral n. (C6-T1)
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| Pectoralis minor action | draws scapula downward, causing inferior angle to moe posteromedially; roatates glenoid inferiorly; assists in respiration
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| Serratus anterior proximal attachment | 1st-9th ribs
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| Serratus anterior distal attachment | Scapula- medial border
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| Serratus anterior innervation | long thoracic n. (C5-C7)
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| Serratus anterior (superior part) action | arm adduction; draws scapula laterally forward; elevates ribs when shoulder is fixed
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| Serratus anterior (intermediate part) action | draws scapula laterally forward; elevates ribs when shoulder is fixed
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| Serratus anterior (inferior part) action | rotates scapula laterally;draws scapula laterally forward; elevates ribs when shoulder is fixed
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| Trapezius (descending part) proximal attachment | occipital bone; spinous process of C1-C7
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| Trapezius (transverse part) proximal attachment | aponerousis at T1-T4 spinous processes
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| Trapezius (ascending part) proximal attachment | spinous process of T5-T12
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| Trapezius (descending part) proximal attachment | clavicle- lateral one third
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| Trapezius (transverse part) distal attachment | acromion
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| Trapezius (ascending part) distal attachment | scapular spine
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| Trapezius (all parts) innervation | accessory n.- CN XI; brachial plexus- C3, C4
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| Trapezius (descending part) action | draws scapula obliquely upward; rotates glenoid cavity superiorly; tilts head to same side and rotates it to opposite; steadies scapula on thorax
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| Trapezius (transverse part) action | draws scapula medially; steadies scapula on thorax
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| Trapezius (ascending part) action | draws scapula medially downward; steadies scapula on thorax
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| Levator scapulae proximal attachment | transverse process of C1-C4
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| Levator scapulae distal attachment | scapula (superior angle)
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| Levator scapulae innervation | dorsal scapular n. (C4, C5)
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| Levator scapulae action | draws scapula mediallly upward while moving inferior angle medially; inclines neck to same side
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| Rhomboid minor proximal attachment | spinous process C6, C7
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| Rhomboid minor distal attachment | medial border of scapula above scapular spine
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| Rhomboid major and minor innervation | dorsal scapular n. (C4, C5)
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| Rhomoid major and minor action | steadies scapula, draws scapula mediallly upward
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| Rhomboid major proximal attachment | spinous process of T1-T4
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| Rhomboid major distal attachment | medical border of scapula below scapular spine
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| Latissimus dorsi (vertebral part) proximal attachment | spinous process of T7-T12 vertebrae; thoracolumbar fascia
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| Latissimus dorsi (scapular part) proximal attachment | scapula- inferior angle
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| Latissimus dorsi (costal part) proximal attachment | 9th-12th ribs
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| Latissimus dorsi (iliac part) proximal attachment | iliac crest- posterior one third
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| Latissimus dorsi (all parts) distal attachment | crest of lesser tuberosity of humerus- anterior angle
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| Latissimus dorsi (all parts) innervation | thoracodorsal n. (C6-C8)
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| Latissimus dorsi (all parts) action | internal rotation , adduction, extension, respiration- coughing
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| Teres major proximal attachment | scapula- inferior angle
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| Teres major distal attachment | crest of lesser tuberosity of humerus- anterior angle
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| Teres major innervation | lower subscapular n. (C5-C7)
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| Teres major action | internal rotation, adduction, extension
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| Biceps (long head) proximal attachment | supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
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| Biceps (short head) proximal attachment | coracoid process of scapula
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| Biceps (all heads) distal attachment | radial tuberosity
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| Biceps (all heads) innervation | musculocutaneous n. (C5-C6)
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| Biceps (all heads) action | elbow joint: flexion, supination shoulder joint: flexion; stabilization of humeral head during deltoid contraction; abduction and internal rotation of humerus
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| Brachialis proximal attachment | humerus- distal half of anterior surface)
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| Brachialis distal attachment | ulnar tuberosity
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| Brachialis innervation | musculocutaneous n. (C5, C6), radial n. (C7)
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| Brachialis action | flexion at elbow
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| Triceps brachii (long head) proximal attachment | scapula- infraglenoid tubercle
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| Trices brachii (medial head) proximal attachment | posterior humerus, distal to radial groove; medial intermuscular septum
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| Triceps brachii (lateral head) proximal attachment | posterior humerus, proximal to radial groove; lateral intermuscular septum
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| Triceps brachii (all heads) distal attachment | olecranon of ulna
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| Triceps brachii (all heads) innervation | radial n. (C6-C8)
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| Triceps brachii (all heads) action | elbow joint: extension; shoulder joint, long head: extension and adduction
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| Aconeus proximal attachment | later epicondyle of humerus (variance: posterior joint capsule)
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| Aconeus distal attachment | olecranon of ulna (radial surface)
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| Aconeus innervation | radial n. (C6-C8)
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| Aconeus action | extend elbow and tightens its joint
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| Pronator teres proximal attachment | humeral head: medial epicondyle; ulnar head: coronoid process
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| Pronator teres distal attachment | lateral radios (distal to supinator distal attachment)
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| Pronator teres innervation | median n. (C6, C7)
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| Pronator teres action | Elbow: weak flexion; forearm: pronation
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| Flexor carpi radialis proximal attachment | medial epicondyle of humerus
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| Flexor carpi radialis distal attachment | base of second meatcarpal (variance: base of third metacarpal)
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| Flexor carpi radialis innervation | median n. (C6, C7)
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| Flexor carpi radialis action | wrist: flexion and abduction (radial deviation) of hand
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| Palmaris longus proximal attachment | medial epicondyle of humerus
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| Palmaris longus distal attachment | palmar aponeurosis
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| Palmaris longus innervation | median n. (C7, C8)
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| Palmaris longus action | elbow: weak flexion; wrist: flexion tightens palmar aponeurosis
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| Flexor carpi ulnaris proximal attachment | humeral head: medial epicondyle; ulnar head: olecranon
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| Flexor carpi ulnaris distal attachment | pisiform, hook of hamate, base of fifth metacarpal
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| Flexor carpi ulnaris innervation | ulnar n. (C7-T1)
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| Flexor carpi ulnaris action | wrist: flexion, adduction (ulnar deviation) of hand
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| Flexor digitorum superficialis proximal attachment | humeral head: medial epicondyle; ulnar head: coronoid process
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| Flexor digitorum superficialis distal attachment | sides of middle phalanges of second to fifth digits
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| Flexor digitorum superficialis innervation | median n. (C8, T1)
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| Flexor digitorum superficialis action | elbow: weak flexion; wrist, MCP, PIP joints of second to fifth digits: flexion
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| Flexor digitorum profundis proximal attachment | ulna (two-thirds of flexor surface) and interosseous membrane
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| Flexor digitorum profundis distal attachment | distal phalanges of second to fifth digits (palmar surface)
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| Flexor digitorum profundis innervation | medial n. (C8, T1), ulnar n. (C8, T1)
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| Flexor digitorum profundis action | Wrist, MCP, PIP, DIP joints of second to fifth digits: flexion
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| Flexor pollicis longus proximal attachment | radius (midanterior surface) and adjacent interosseous membrane
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| Flexor pollicis longus distal attachment | distal phalanx of thumb (palmar surface)
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| Flexor pollicis longus innervation | median n. (C7, C8)
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| Flexor pollicis longus action | wrist: flexion and abduction (radial deviation) of hand; carpometacarpal of thumb: flexion; MCP and IP of thumb: flexion
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| Pronator quadratus proximal attachment | distal quarter of ulna (anterior surface)
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| Pronator quadratus distal attachment | distal quarter of radius (anterior surface)
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| Pronator quadratus innervation | median n. (C7, C8)
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| Pronator quadratus action | hand: pronation; distal radioulnar joint: stabilization
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| Brachioradialis proximal attachment | distal humerus (distal surface), later intermuscular septum
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| Brachioradialis distal attachment | styloid process of radius
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| Brachioradialis innervation | radial n. (C5, C6)
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| Brachioradialis action | elbow: flexion; forearm: semipronation
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| Extensor carpi radialis longus proximal attachment | lateral supracondylar ridge of distal humerus, lateral intermuscular septum
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| Extensor carpi radialis longus distal attachment | second metacarpal (base)
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| Extensor carpi radialis longus innervation | radial n. (C6, C7)
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| Extensor carpi radialis longus action | elbow: weak flexion; wrist: extension and abduction (radial deviation)
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| Extensor carpi radialis brevis proximal attachment | lateral epicondyle of humerus
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| Extensor carpi radialis brevis distal attachment | third metacarpal (base)
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| Extensor carpi radialis brevis innervation | radial n. (C6, C7)
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| Extensor carpi radialis brevis action | elbow: weak flexion; wrist: extension, abduction (radial deviation)
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| Extensor digitorum proximal attachment | common extensor head (lateral epicondyle of humerus)
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| Extensor digitorum distal attachment | dorsal digital expansion of 2nd through 5th digit
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| Extensor digitorum innervation | radial n. (C7, C8)
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| Extensor digitorum action | wrist: extension; MCP, PIP, DIP of 2nd to 5th digits: extension/abduction of fingers
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| Extensor digiti minimi proximal attachment | common extensor head (lateral epicondyle of humerus)
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| Extensor digiti minimi distal attachment | dorsal digital expansion of 5th digit
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| Extensor digiti minimi innervation | radial n. (C7, C8)
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| Extensor digiti minimi action | wrist: extension, ulnar abduction of hand; MCP, PIP, DIP of 5th digit: extension and abduction of 5th digit
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| Extensor carpi ulnaris proximal attachment | common extensor head (lateral epicondyle of humerus); ulnar head (dorsal surface)
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| Extensor carpi ulnaris distal attachment | base of 5th metacarpal
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| Extensor carpi ulnaris innervation | radial n. (C7, C8)
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| Extensor carpi ulnaris action | wrist: extension, adduction (ulnar deviation)
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| Supinator proximal attachment | olecranon, lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament of radius
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| Supinator distal attachment | radius (between radial tuberosity and insertion of pronator teres)
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| Supinator innervation | radial n. (C6, C7)
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| Supinator action | radioulnar joints: supination
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| Abductor pollicis longus proximal attachment | radius and ulna (dorsal surface, interosseous membrane)
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| Abductor pollicis longus distal attachment | base of 1st metacarpal
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| Abductor pollicis longus innervation | radial n. (C7, C8)
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| Abductor pollicis longus action | radiocarpal joint: abduction of hand; CM of thumb: abduction
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| Extensor pollicis brevis proximal attachment | radius (posterior surface), interosseous membrane
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| Extensor pollicis brevis distal attachment | base of proximal phalanx of thumb
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| Extensor pollicis brevis innervation | radial n. (C7, C8)
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| Extensor pollicis brevis action | radiocarpal joint: abduction (radial deviation); CM, MCP of thumb: extension
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| Extensor pollicis longus proximal attachment | ulna (posterior surface), interosseous membrane
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| Extensor pollicis longus distal attachment | base of distal phalanx of thumb
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| Extensor pollicis longus innervation | radial n. (C7, C8)
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| Extensor pollicis longus action | wrist: extension and abduction (radial deviation); CM of thumb : adduction; MCP, IP of thumb: extension
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| Extensor indicis proximal attachment | ulna (posterior surface), interosseous membrane
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| Extensor indicis distal attachment | posterior digital extension of 2nd digit
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| Extensor indicis innervation | radial n. (C7, C8)
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| Extensor indicis action | wrist: extension; MCP, PIP, DIP of 2nd digit: extension
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| Adductor pollicis proximal attachment | transverse head: 3rd metacarpal (palmar surface); oblique head: capitate bone, end and 3rd metacarpals (bases)
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| Adductor pollicis distal attachment | base of proximal phalanx via ulnar sesamoid
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| Adductor pollicis innervation | ulnar n. (C8- T1)
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| Adductor pollicis action | CMC of thumb: adduction; MCP of thumb: flexion
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| Abductor pollicis brevis proximal attachment | scaphoid boin and trapezium, flexor retinaculum
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| Abductor pollicis brevis distal attachment | base of proximal phalanx via radial sesamoid
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| Abductor pollicis brevis innervation | median n. (C8-T1)
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| Abductor pollicis brevis action | CMC of thumb: abduction
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| Flexor pollicis brevis proximal attachment | superficial head: flexor retinaculum; deep head: capitate bone, trapezium
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| Flexor pollicis brevis distal attachment | base of proximal phalanx via radial sesamoid
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| Flexor pollicis brevis innervation | median and ulnar nn. (C8-T1)
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| Flexor pollicis brevis action | CMC of thumb: flexion
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| Opponens pollicis proximal attachment | trapezium
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| Opponens pollicis distal attachment | 1st metacarpal (radial border)
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| Opponens pollicis innervation | median n. (C8-T1)
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| Opponens action | CMC of thumb: opposition
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| Opponens digiti minimi proximal attachment | hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
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| Opponens digiti minimi distal attachment | 5th metacarpal (ulnar border)
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| Opponens digiti minimi innervation | ulnar n. (C8-T1)
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| Opponens digiti minimi action | opposition
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| Flexor digiti minimi proximal attachment | hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
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| Flexor digiti minimi distal attachment | 5th proximal phalanx (base)
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| Flexor digiti minimi innervation | ulnar n. (C8-T1)
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| Flexor digiti minimi action | MCP joint pinkie: flexion
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| Abductor digiti minimi proximal attachment | pisiform
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| Abductor digiti minimi distal attachment | 5th proximal phalanx (ulnar base), dorsal digital expansion of 5th digit
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| Abductor digiti minimi innervation | ulnar n. (C8-T1)
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| Abductor digiti minimi action | MCP of pinkie: flexion, abduction; PIP, DIP of pinkie: extension
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| Palmaris brevis proximal attachment | palmar aponeurosis (ulnar border)
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| Palmaris brevis distal attachment | skin of hypothenar eminence
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| Palmaris brevis innervation | ulnar n. (C8-T1)
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| Palmaris brevis action | tightens aponeurosis
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| 1st and 2nd lumbricals proximal attachment | tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (radial sides)
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| 1st and 2nd lumbricals distal attachment | 2nd digit, 3rd digit respectively
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| 1st and 2nd lumbricals innervation | median n. (C8-T1)
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| 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th lumbricals action | 2nd to 5th digits: MCP-- flexion; proximal and distal IP-- extension
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| 3rd and 4th lumbricals proximal attachment | tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (bipennate from medial to lateral sides)
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| 3rd and 4th lumbricals distal attachment | 4th and 5th digit respectively
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| 3rd and 4th lumbricals innervation | ulnar n. (C8-T1)
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| 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th dorsal interossei innervation | ulnar n. (C8-T1)
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| 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th dorsal interossei action | 2nd to 4th digits: MCP-- flexion; proximal and distal IP-- extension and abduction from 3rd digit
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| 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th dorsal interossei proximal attachment | 1st and 2nd metacarpals, 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, 3rd and 4th metacarpals, 4th and 5th metacarpals respectively
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| 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th dorsal interossei distal attachment | 2nd digit, 2nd proximal phalanx (radial side); 3rd digit, 3rd proximal phalanx (radial side); 3rd digit, 3rd proximal phalanx (ulnar side); 4th digit, 4th proximal phalanx (ulnar side) respectively
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| 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th palmar interossei proximal attachment | 2nd metacarpal (ulnar side), 4th metacarpal (radial side), 5th metacarpal (radial side) respectively
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| 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th palmar interossei distal attachment | 2nd digit, 2nd proximal phalanx (base); 4th digit, 4th proximal phalanx (base); 5th digit, 5th proximal phalanx (base) respectively
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| 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th palmar interossei innervation | ulnar n. (C8-T1)
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| 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th palmar interossei action | 2nd, 4th, 5th digits: MCP-- flexion; proximal, distal IP-- extension and adduction toward 3rd digit
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
babe4jesus55
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