Chapter 1; Research Methods and Important people in early psychology
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| Current definition of Psychology? | The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
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| What is meant by the "school of thought" in psychology? | Different ways of approaching studies in psychology
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| What event is typically used to represent the "birth of psychology" and why is it considered so significant? | Wilhelm Wundt, 1879, created a machine to measure reachtion time to him a telegraph key after subject heard a ball hit a platform
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| What are some speciality areas of psychology? | Neuroscience, psychodynamic, cognitive, behavioral
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| What makes psychology a science? | Way of asking and answering questions. Science is rooted in observation. Curiosity, skepticism and humility.
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| How would a researcher decided whether to conduct a descriptive or and experimental study? | They would have to determine if they are trying to observe behavior(desc.) or prove a cause and effect (experi.)
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| What conclusions can you draw from a descriptive study? | You can determine behavior and opinions
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| Give an example of a correlation study and explain how the result could potentially be misused | Parent's abusiveness and their children's later abusiveness, shows us the extent to how things relate, DOES NOT SHOW CAUSATION
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| What is a operational definition? | An operationl definition is a statement of procedures used to define research variables
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| Explain behaviorism, who is related to it? | Watson, effects of environment on the overt behavior of humans and animals
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| Explain psychodynamic, who is related to it? | Freud, the unconscious determinants drive behavior.
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| Explain humanism, who is related to it? | Rogers and Maslow, unique aspects of human experience, people are mostly good.
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| Explain cognitive psychology | the study of mental processes
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| Explain biological psychology | Physiological bases of bahvior in humans and animals
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| Explain socio-cultural psychology | how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures
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| What is naturalistic observation? | observing and recording behavior in naturally occuring situations without trying to manipulate or control the situation
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| What is a case study? | Examines one individual in great depth in hopes of revealing things true to all of us.
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| What is a survey? | looks at many cases in depth
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| What is a correlation study? | Measures the extent of how two factors vary with each other
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| What is the independent variable? | Experimental factor that is being manipulated, experimental group
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| What is the dependent variable? | The outcome factor, the variable that may change in response to manipulation
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| What is the experimental group? | The group in the experiment that is exposed to the treatment, independent variable.
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| What is the control group? | Contrasts witht eh experimental condition and services as a comparison for evaluation of the effect of the treatment.
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| Who is Wilhelm Wundt? What did he do? | Known as the "father" of psychology, conducted first psychology experiment in German university in 1879, measured reaction time to hit telegraph key after hearing a ball hit a platform.
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| Who is John Watson? What did he do? | Deveopled Behaviorism, defined psychology "the study of observable behavior" *Later changed*
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| Who is Sigmund Freud? What did he do? | Freudian psychology, unconscious sexual conflicts. Introduced the unconscious
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| Who is Carl Rogers? What did he do? | Humanistic psychology, developed Humanism, potential of healthy people and the individuals's potental for personal growth
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