Life Science: Ch1: Cells
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Cells are too small to be seen without a ___ device. | magnifying
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| The invention of the ___ in the 1600s changed people’s ideas about cells. | microscope
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| ___ can enlarge images up to 1,500 times. | Light microscopes
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| ___ microscopes can enlarge images 100,000 times or more. | Electron
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| The ___ describes how cells relate to living things. | cell theory
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| All ___ are made of one or more cells. | organisms
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| The ___ is the smallest unit of life. | cell
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| All new cells come from ___ cells. | pre-existing
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| Scientists agree that all living things have common ___. | characteristics
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| All cells are ___ with certain structures performing specialized functions. | organized
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| Cells ___ to changes in the environment. | respond
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| ___ in many-celled organisms usually occurs as cell number increases. | Growth
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| Organisms ___ and create offspring similar to themselves. | reproduce
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| Organisms maintain their internal environment through ___. | homeostasis
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| Cells use ___ to transport substances, make new cells, and perform chemical reactions. | energy
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| Atoms and ___ are the building blocks of cells. | molecules
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| ___ has unique properties to help cells with homeostasis and substance transport. | Water
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| Cells also contain such basic substances as ___, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. | proteins
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| Proteins are composed of folded chains of molecules called ___. | amino acids
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| ___ include DNA, which contains the cell’s genetic information, and RNA, which is used to make proteins. | Nucleic acids
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| ___ include fats, which store large amounts of chemical energy. | Lipids
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| ___, composed of sugar molecules, store energy for quick release. | Carbohydrates
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| Cells have different shapes and sizes depending on their ___. | function
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| Every cell has a flexible covering called a ___, which is selectively permeable. | cell membrane
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| Plant, fungi, and some bacteria cells have a rigid ___ outside the cell membrane. | cell wall
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| Appendages, such as tail-like ___ or short hairlike ___, help cells move. | flagella, cilia
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| Inside a cell is the ___, a thick fluid in which cell structures are suspended. | cytoplasm
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| Cells have a network of fibers in the cytoplasm called the ___. | cytoskeleton
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| The cytoskeleton aids in ___ contraction, cell division, movement, and shape. | muscle
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| Structures in the cell that have specific functions are called ___. | organelles
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| The ___ is the control center of the cell. | nucleus
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| The nucleus contains the cell’s ___ material in long chains of DNA. | genetic
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| DNA chains are coiled into structures called ___. | chromosomes
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| Inside the nucleus is the ___. It helps make structures that make proteins. | nucleolus
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| The manufacture of ___ is an important function in cells. | proteins
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| Proteins are built within ___, which can attach to the endoplasmic reticulum. | ribosomes
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| Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with ribosomes is called ___ and is important for making proteins. | rough endoplasmic reticulum
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| Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes is called smooth ER and is important for making ___. | lipids
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| Two kinds of ___ process the energy used by cells. | organelles
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| Most of the cell’s energy is produced in the ___. | mitochondria
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| Organisms that produce their own food manufacture it within ___. | chloroplasts
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| The ___ processes, transports, and stores molecules. | Golgi apparatus
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| ___, which carry substances to the cell membrane for release, form from the Golgiapparatus | Vesicles
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| Small ___ store food molecules, water, or waste products. | vacuoles
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| An animal cell has a vacuole called the ___, which stores digestive enzymes. | lysosome
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| A plant cell has a ___, which stores water and other molecules. | central vacuole
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| Cells are classified as prokaryotic cells or ___ cells. | eukaryotic
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| Cells without a nucleus or organelles are ___. | prokaryotic
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| ___ organisms, made up of one prokaryotic cell, were the only living things on bEarth for billions of years. | Prokaryotic
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| A prokaryotic cell has a loop of ___ instead of chromosomes. | DNA
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| Prokaryotes, also known as ___, can be harmful or beneficial to humans. | bacteria
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| ___ are essential for decomposition and can survive in extreme environments. | Bacteria
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| Cells with a nucleus and other organelles are classified as ___. | eukaryotic
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| Plants, animals, fungi, and protists all are made up of one or more ___ cells. | eukaryotic
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| Many scientists suggest that eukaryotes evolved as a result of one ___ cell becoming part of another prokaryotic cell. | prokaryotic
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| ___ transforms stored energy in food molecules into usable energy in molecules called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). | Cellular respiration
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| The first step in cellular respiration happens in the cytoplasm, where ___ breaks down a glucose molecule into two smaller molecules, releasing electrons | glycolysis
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| The second and third steps of cellular respiration happen in the ___. | mitochondria
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| In the second step of cellular respiration, the smaller molecules break down into ___, releasing more electrons. | carbon dioxide
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| In the third step of cellular respiration, ___ is produced using the released electrons and water. | ATP
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| Our muscle cells can release energy through ___ fermentation. | lactic acid
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| Lactic acid fermentation takes place entirely in the ___. | cytoplasm
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| Lactic acid fermentation uses glucose and produces ___ and carbon dioxide | lactic acid
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| ___ fermentation is used in the production of cheese and yogurt. | Lactic acid
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| One-celled fungi called yeast use ___ to produce energy. | alcohol fermentation
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| Alcohol fermentation uses glucose and produces ___ and carbon dioxide. | ethanol
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| Alcohol fermentation produces fewer ___ molecules than cellular respiration. | ATP
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| ___ fermentation is used in baking bread. | Alcohol
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| Some organisms use ___ to make food using a light source. | photosynthesis
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| Light energy is absorbed by ___ and other pigments in the chloroplasts. | chlorophyll
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| In photosynthesis, ___, water, and carbon dioxide are used to make sugar. | light energy
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| ___ is released into the atmosphere during photosynthesis. | Oxygen
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| Most organisms use the sugars from ___, and photosynthesis supplies the oxygen we breathe. | photosynthesis
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