pharm Ch. 56 lilk8tob by rachel
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| What type of drug is pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine)? | A direct acting Parasympathomimetic
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| What type of drug is dipivefrin (Propine)? | Sympathomimetic
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| What type of drug is timolol (Timoptic) | Beta-adrenergic Blocker
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| What type of drug is acetazolamide (Diamox)? | Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
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| What type of drug is mannitol (Osmitrol)? | Osmotic Diuretic
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| What type of drug is latanoprost (Xalatan)? | Prostaglandin
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| What is another name for the parasympathomimetic drugs, and why? | Miotics-because they cause pupillary constriction (miosis)
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| What does pupillary constriction cause when using parasympathomimetics? | Reduced IOP secondary to an increased outflow of aqueous humor
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| What are the effects of pilocarpine? | miosis, vasodilation, contraction of ciliary muscles, reduced IOP
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| What are the side effects of pilocarpine? | blurred vision, accommodative spasms, conjunctivitis, lacrimation, twitching lids, poor low light vision
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| What patient education should be given to a pt. on pilocarpine? | Limit/avoid driving at night b/c miosis makes night vision limited
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| How does pilocarpine reduce IOP? | by facilitating aqueous humor outflow by causing contraction of the ciliary muscle, which widens the area from which fluid escapes
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| Adverse effects of pilocarpine? | hypotension, bradycardia, tachycardia, HA, myopia, N&V, adb. cramps, diarrhea
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| What effects does dipivefrin (Propine) have? | stimulates adrenergic receptors causing mydriasis (pupil dilation)
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| What happens to the eye during mydriasis? | Aqueous humor outflow is incr., which decreases IOP.
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| dipivefrin (Propine) is a _________-loving agent. | fat loving (lipophilic) and therefore has more localized effects on the eye
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| What is dipivefrin used for? | to reduce elevated IOP in tx of chronic, open angle glaucoma
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| Side/Adverse effects of dipivefrin (Propine) | burning, eye pain, lacrimation; systemic effects are rare: tachycardia, HTN
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| What effects does timolol (Timoptic) have? | Reduces IOP: Decr. aqueous humor formation, incr. outflow, NO effect on pupil size though
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| Side/Adverse effects of timolol (Timoptic) | transient burning & discomfort; blurred vision, pain, light sens., lacrimation,
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| Timolol is contraindicated in which clients? | COPD, bradycardia, heart failure--it's a non spec. beta blocker
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| Why is it important to put pressure on the inner canthus for 1 minute after using Timolol? | to reduce systemic absorption-bradycardia, decr. myocardial contraction, bronchospasm
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| What effect does acetazolamide (Diamox) have? | decr. aqueous humor formation, which decr. IOP
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| Additional effects of acetazolamide (Diamox) | incr. renal excretion of H20, bicarb., K+, alkalized urine thru decr. excr. of ammonia
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| MOA of mannitol/Osmitrol | creates ocular hypotension by producing an osmotic gradient; makes blood hypertonic; forces H20 from aqueous & vitreous humor, reduc. vol. of intraoc. fluid, leading to decr. IOP and intracran. pressures
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| SEs of mannitol/Osmitrol | N&V, F&E imbalance
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| Who should not use mannitol/Osmitrol? | pts. with cardiac, renal, liver disease b/c sudden fluid shifts may lead to circ. overload/poss. heart failure
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| MOA of latanoprost/Xalatan | incr. outflow of aq. humor by incr. uveoscleral outflow in addition to usual exit thru trabecular meshwork
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| SEs of latanoprost/Xalatan | ocular irritation; change in color of iris, bloodshot eyes
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| what imbalances to acetazolamide/DIamox cause? | metabolic acidosis/hypokalemia
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| Patient teaching for those on acetazolamide/Diamox | eat foods high in K+/low in Na+
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| What does acetazolamid/Diamox treat? | open angle and secondary glaucoma; edema assoc. with heart failure
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| what is an advantage of latanoprost/Xalatan? | once-daily dosing regimen
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