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Pharm test 3 Visual

pharm Ch. 56 lilk8tob by rachel

QuestionAnswer
What type of drug is pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine)? A direct acting Parasympathomimetic
What type of drug is dipivefrin (Propine)? Sympathomimetic
What type of drug is timolol (Timoptic) Beta-adrenergic Blocker
What type of drug is acetazolamide (Diamox)? Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
What type of drug is mannitol (Osmitrol)? Osmotic Diuretic
What type of drug is latanoprost (Xalatan)? Prostaglandin
What is another name for the parasympathomimetic drugs, and why? Miotics-because they cause pupillary constriction (miosis)
What does pupillary constriction cause when using parasympathomimetics? Reduced IOP secondary to an increased outflow of aqueous humor
What are the effects of pilocarpine? miosis, vasodilation, contraction of ciliary muscles, reduced IOP
What are the side effects of pilocarpine? blurred vision, accommodative spasms, conjunctivitis, lacrimation, twitching lids, poor low light vision
What patient education should be given to a pt. on pilocarpine? Limit/avoid driving at night b/c miosis makes night vision limited
How does pilocarpine reduce IOP? by facilitating aqueous humor outflow by causing contraction of the ciliary muscle, which widens the area from which fluid escapes
Adverse effects of pilocarpine? hypotension, bradycardia, tachycardia, HA, myopia, N&V, adb. cramps, diarrhea
What effects does dipivefrin (Propine) have? stimulates adrenergic receptors causing mydriasis (pupil dilation)
What happens to the eye during mydriasis? Aqueous humor outflow is incr., which decreases IOP.
dipivefrin (Propine) is a _________-loving agent. fat loving (lipophilic) and therefore has more localized effects on the eye
What is dipivefrin used for? to reduce elevated IOP in tx of chronic, open angle glaucoma
Side/Adverse effects of dipivefrin (Propine) burning, eye pain, lacrimation; systemic effects are rare: tachycardia, HTN
What effects does timolol (Timoptic) have? Reduces IOP: Decr. aqueous humor formation, incr. outflow, NO effect on pupil size though
Side/Adverse effects of timolol (Timoptic) transient burning & discomfort; blurred vision, pain, light sens., lacrimation,
Timolol is contraindicated in which clients? COPD, bradycardia, heart failure--it's a non spec. beta blocker
Why is it important to put pressure on the inner canthus for 1 minute after using Timolol? to reduce systemic absorption-bradycardia, decr. myocardial contraction, bronchospasm
What effect does acetazolamide (Diamox) have? decr. aqueous humor formation, which decr. IOP
Additional effects of acetazolamide (Diamox) incr. renal excretion of H20, bicarb., K+, alkalized urine thru decr. excr. of ammonia
MOA of mannitol/Osmitrol creates ocular hypotension by producing an osmotic gradient; makes blood hypertonic; forces H20 from aqueous & vitreous humor, reduc. vol. of intraoc. fluid, leading to decr. IOP and intracran. pressures
SEs of mannitol/Osmitrol N&V, F&E imbalance
Who should not use mannitol/Osmitrol? pts. with cardiac, renal, liver disease b/c sudden fluid shifts may lead to circ. overload/poss. heart failure
MOA of latanoprost/Xalatan incr. outflow of aq. humor by incr. uveoscleral outflow in addition to usual exit thru trabecular meshwork
SEs of latanoprost/Xalatan ocular irritation; change in color of iris, bloodshot eyes
what imbalances to acetazolamide/DIamox cause? metabolic acidosis/hypokalemia
Patient teaching for those on acetazolamide/Diamox eat foods high in K+/low in Na+
What does acetazolamid/Diamox treat? open angle and secondary glaucoma; edema assoc. with heart failure
what is an advantage of latanoprost/Xalatan? once-daily dosing regimen
Created by: lilk8tob
 

 



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