Integumentary (Skin) System Review
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| Name the two major layers of the skin. | Epidermis and Dermis
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| State the two primary functions of the skin. | Keep out pathogens and chemicals
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| List accessory structures within the skin. | Hair, nail follicles, sensory receptors and glands
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| State the location of the stratum corneum. | In the outer most layer of skin.
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| Describe the functions of stratum corneum. | Water proofs skin and barrier to pathogens and chemicals.
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| State the location of the stratum germinativum. | Epidermis layer
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| Describe the functions of the stratum germinativum. | Produces new cells by mitosis, produces antimicrobial defensins, cholesterol is changed top vit D when exposed to UV rays.
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| What are keratinocytes? | stratified, squamous, epithelial cells that comprise skin and mucosa, including oral, esophageal, corneal, conjunctival, and genital epithelia. Keratinocytes provide a barrier between the host and the environment.
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| Describe the function of keratin. | Water proof the body
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| Describe the function of merkel cells. | They are receptors for the sense of touch.
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| State the location of merkel cells. | They are in the stratus germintivum.
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| Describe the functions of Langerhan’s cells. | From red bone marrow they phagocytize foreign material and send to lymphocytes for destruction.
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| Describe function of melanocytes. | Lower epidermis, produces protein Melanin.
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| Describe the function of melanin. | Absorbs ultraviolet light; gives color to the skin, hair, iris, and choroid layer of teh eye.
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| Name the tissues that make up the subcutaneous tissue. | Areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue.
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| Describe the functions of Areolar connective tissue contained in the subcutaneous tissue. | Contains fluid and WBCs that destroy pathogens that get through breaks in the skin.
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| List the parts of hair follicles. | follicle, root, shaft, matrix, capillary, venule and fat cells
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| Describe function of hair. | Keeps head warm/cool. Keep dust out of eyes & nose.
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| List the parts of nail follicles. | root, bed, cuticle and lunula
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| Describe function of nails. | Scratching, finger end protector, pickup small objects.
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| State the location of sebaceous glands. | Superficial fascia connects adipose and derma to muscles.
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| Describe the functions of sebaceous glands. | Produces sebum, prevents skin drying, inhibits bacteria growth.
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| Describe the functions of the secretions of sebaceous glands. | Produces sebum, prevents skin drying, inhibits bacteria growth.
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| Describe the function of ceruminous glands. | to produce cerumen.
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| State the location of ceruminous glands. | In the dermis layer of ear canals.
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| Describe functions of the secretions of ceruminous glands. | Keeps the outer surface of the eardrum pliable and prevents drying.
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| State the location of eccrine sweat glands. | Sweat glands in axillae (underarm) and genital area.
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| State the location of apocrine sweat glands. | Found all over the body/palms, forehead/upper lip/soles of feet.
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| Describe the functions of sweat glands. | Maintain body temperature.
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| Differentiate between constriction and dilatation of blood vessels. | Constriction closes and narrows - dilatation stretches and expands.
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| Describe how arterioles in the dermis respond to heat. | Dilate-vasodilation.
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| Describe how arterioles in dermis respond to cold. | Constrict-vasoconstriction.
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| Describe how arterioles in dermis respond to stress. | Vasoconstrict ‘flight or fight.
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| Identify the vitamin created when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet radiation. | Vitamin D. Also known as the sunshine vitamin.
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| Describe the location of the papillary layer. | Stratum germinativum.
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| Describe the function of the papillary layer. | supply nourishment (blood supply) to stratum germinativum & dermis
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| Name the cutaneous senses . | Senses of the skin; the receptors found mainly in the dermis.
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| List the type of sensation felt from free nerve endings. | Pain, heat and cold.
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| Type of sensations felt from encapsulated nerve endings. | Touch and pressure.
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| Identify the location of mitosis in the skin. | Stratum germinativum
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| Identify the location of mitosis in the nails . | In the nail root.
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| Identify the location of mitosis in the hair root. | In the matrix.
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| Identify the subcutaneous muscles that cause goose bumps. | Pilomoter muscle
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| Identify the different methods of medication administration via the integumentary system. | Trans dermal patches, creams.
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| Describe the meaning of the letters in the A of malignant melanoma. | ASYMMETRY - LACK OF EQUALITY IN THE DIAMETER
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| Describe the meaning of the letters in the B of malignant melanoma. | BORDERS - NOTCHED, SCALLOPED OR INDISTINCT
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| Describe the meaning of the letters in the C of malignant melanoma. | COLORS - UNEVEN. RANGE TAN TO BROWN. BLACK TO RED
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| Describe the meaning of the letters in the D of malignant melanoma. | DIAMETER - USUALLY LARGE THAN 6mm - LESS THAN ½ INCH
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| Describe the meaning of the letters in the E of malignant melanoma. | EOLVING - ANY CHANGE POINTS TO DANGER
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| Describe a macule. | Flat colored lesion white/brown or red.
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| Describe a papule. | Small elevated lesion less than 0.5cm in diameter.
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| Describe a pustule. | Vesicle (blister) containing purulent or cloudy fluid.
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| Describe a vesicle. | Blister
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| Describe a comedome. | Mass of sebum on skin.
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| Define a nodule. | Marble like lesion greater than 0.5cm in diameter.
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| Define Dermatophytoses . | Chronic superficial fungal infection classified by location on the
body
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| Tinea capitis | Round gray scaly lesion on scalp.
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| Tinea corporis | Ringworm lesions scaled
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| Tinea unguimum | Effect toenails
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| Tinea pedis | Athlete’s foot
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| Tinea cruris | Jock itch
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| Describe urticaria . | Hives, itching redness and swelling called wheal.
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| State drug classification which relieves symptoms of urticaria. | Antihistamines
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| Name 2 of the most common wingless parasites to infest humans | Lice and scabies
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| List the etiology of shingles. | Same as what causes chicken pox. Stress triggers it.
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| State the medical name for shingles. | Herpes Zoster
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| Describe the physical (signs) of shingles. | Acute inflamed dermatomal eruptions.
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| Give another name for a decubitus ulcer. | Pressure ulcer
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| Treatment methods for a decubitus ulcer. | Topicals/debriding agent/ antibiotics.
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| Etiology of psoriasis. | Causes unknown-may be an autoimmune disorder.
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| List a medication name used to treat acne vulgaris! | ProActive
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| State the etiology of keratoacanthoma. | Benign growth smooth red dome-shaped papule w/ center crust.
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| Define acrochordon. | Common begin skin growth or tags. Brownish, attached to skin by short stalk.
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| Define alopecia. | Loss or absence of hair usually on scalp
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| List the structures involved in a 1st degree of burn | Superficial epidermis.
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| List the structures involved in a 2nd degree of burn. | Deep layer of epidermis.
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| List the structures involved in a 3rd degree of burn. | Entire epidermis is charred or burned away. May extend into the subcutaneous tissue.
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| Describe the functions of Adipose tissue contained in the subcutaneous tissue. | Stores fat as potential energy, cushions bony prominences; provides some insulation from cold.
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| True or False - Adipose tissue contributes to appetite, the use of insulin, and the activation of WBCs. | True
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| Sarcoptes scabiei | scabies - burrows under the skin.
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| Pediculus humanus capitis | head lice
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| Pediculus humanus corporis | body lice
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| Phthirus pubis | pubis lice
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