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MOT - 133
Integumentary (Skin) System Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the two major layers of the skin. | Epidermis and Dermis |
| State the two primary functions of the skin. | Keep out pathogens and chemicals |
| List accessory structures within the skin. | Hair, nail follicles, sensory receptors and glands |
| State the location of the stratum corneum. | In the outer most layer of skin. |
| Describe the functions of stratum corneum. | Water proofs skin and barrier to pathogens and chemicals. |
| State the location of the stratum germinativum. | Epidermis layer |
| Describe the functions of the stratum germinativum. | Produces new cells by mitosis, produces antimicrobial defensins, cholesterol is changed top vit D when exposed to UV rays. |
| What are keratinocytes? | stratified, squamous, epithelial cells that comprise skin and mucosa, including oral, esophageal, corneal, conjunctival, and genital epithelia. Keratinocytes provide a barrier between the host and the environment. |
| Describe the function of keratin. | Water proof the body |
| Describe the function of merkel cells. | They are receptors for the sense of touch. |
| State the location of merkel cells. | They are in the stratus germintivum. |
| Describe the functions of Langerhan’s cells. | From red bone marrow they phagocytize foreign material and send to lymphocytes for destruction. |
| Describe function of melanocytes. | Lower epidermis, produces protein Melanin. |
| Describe the function of melanin. | Absorbs ultraviolet light; gives color to the skin, hair, iris, and choroid layer of teh eye. |
| Name the tissues that make up the subcutaneous tissue. | Areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue. |
| Describe the functions of Areolar connective tissue contained in the subcutaneous tissue. | Contains fluid and WBCs that destroy pathogens that get through breaks in the skin. |
| List the parts of hair follicles. | follicle, root, shaft, matrix, capillary, venule and fat cells |
| Describe function of hair. | Keeps head warm/cool. Keep dust out of eyes & nose. |
| List the parts of nail follicles. | root, bed, cuticle and lunula |
| Describe function of nails. | Scratching, finger end protector, pickup small objects. |
| State the location of sebaceous glands. | Superficial fascia connects adipose and derma to muscles. |
| Describe the functions of sebaceous glands. | Produces sebum, prevents skin drying, inhibits bacteria growth. |
| Describe the functions of the secretions of sebaceous glands. | Produces sebum, prevents skin drying, inhibits bacteria growth. |
| Describe the function of ceruminous glands. | to produce cerumen. |
| State the location of ceruminous glands. | In the dermis layer of ear canals. |
| Describe functions of the secretions of ceruminous glands. | Keeps the outer surface of the eardrum pliable and prevents drying. |
| State the location of eccrine sweat glands. | Sweat glands in axillae (underarm) and genital area. |
| State the location of apocrine sweat glands. | Found all over the body/palms, forehead/upper lip/soles of feet. |
| Describe the functions of sweat glands. | Maintain body temperature. |
| Differentiate between constriction and dilatation of blood vessels. | Constriction closes and narrows - dilatation stretches and expands. |
| Describe how arterioles in the dermis respond to heat. | Dilate-vasodilation. |
| Describe how arterioles in dermis respond to cold. | Constrict-vasoconstriction. |
| Describe how arterioles in dermis respond to stress. | Vasoconstrict ‘flight or fight. |
| Identify the vitamin created when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet radiation. | Vitamin D. Also known as the sunshine vitamin. |
| Describe the location of the papillary layer. | Stratum germinativum. |
| Describe the function of the papillary layer. | supply nourishment (blood supply) to stratum germinativum & dermis |
| Name the cutaneous senses . | Senses of the skin; the receptors found mainly in the dermis. |
| List the type of sensation felt from free nerve endings. | Pain, heat and cold. |
| Type of sensations felt from encapsulated nerve endings. | Touch and pressure. |
| Identify the location of mitosis in the skin. | Stratum germinativum |
| Identify the location of mitosis in the nails . | In the nail root. |
| Identify the location of mitosis in the hair root. | In the matrix. |
| Identify the subcutaneous muscles that cause goose bumps. | Pilomoter muscle |
| Identify the different methods of medication administration via the integumentary system. | Trans dermal patches, creams. |
| Describe the meaning of the letters in the A of malignant melanoma. | ASYMMETRY - LACK OF EQUALITY IN THE DIAMETER |
| Describe the meaning of the letters in the B of malignant melanoma. | BORDERS - NOTCHED, SCALLOPED OR INDISTINCT |
| Describe the meaning of the letters in the C of malignant melanoma. | COLORS - UNEVEN. RANGE TAN TO BROWN. BLACK TO RED |
| Describe the meaning of the letters in the D of malignant melanoma. | DIAMETER - USUALLY LARGE THAN 6mm - LESS THAN ½ INCH |
| Describe the meaning of the letters in the E of malignant melanoma. | EOLVING - ANY CHANGE POINTS TO DANGER |
| Describe a macule. | Flat colored lesion white/brown or red. |
| Describe a papule. | Small elevated lesion less than 0.5cm in diameter. |
| Describe a pustule. | Vesicle (blister) containing purulent or cloudy fluid. |
| Describe a vesicle. | Blister |
| Describe a comedome. | Mass of sebum on skin. |
| Define a nodule. | Marble like lesion greater than 0.5cm in diameter. |
| Define Dermatophytoses . | Chronic superficial fungal infection classified by location on the body |
| Tinea capitis | Round gray scaly lesion on scalp. |
| Tinea corporis | Ringworm lesions scaled |
| Tinea unguimum | Effect toenails |
| Tinea pedis | Athlete’s foot |
| Tinea cruris | Jock itch |
| Describe urticaria . | Hives, itching redness and swelling called wheal. |
| State drug classification which relieves symptoms of urticaria. | Antihistamines |
| Name 2 of the most common wingless parasites to infest humans | Lice and scabies |
| List the etiology of shingles. | Same as what causes chicken pox. Stress triggers it. |
| State the medical name for shingles. | Herpes Zoster |
| Describe the physical (signs) of shingles. | Acute inflamed dermatomal eruptions. |
| Give another name for a decubitus ulcer. | Pressure ulcer |
| Treatment methods for a decubitus ulcer. | Topicals/debriding agent/ antibiotics. |
| Etiology of psoriasis. | Causes unknown-may be an autoimmune disorder. |
| List a medication name used to treat acne vulgaris! | ProActive |
| State the etiology of keratoacanthoma. | Benign growth smooth red dome-shaped papule w/ center crust. |
| Define acrochordon. | Common begin skin growth or tags. Brownish, attached to skin by short stalk. |
| Define alopecia. | Loss or absence of hair usually on scalp |
| List the structures involved in a 1st degree of burn | Superficial epidermis. |
| List the structures involved in a 2nd degree of burn. | Deep layer of epidermis. |
| List the structures involved in a 3rd degree of burn. | Entire epidermis is charred or burned away. May extend into the subcutaneous tissue. |
| Describe the functions of Adipose tissue contained in the subcutaneous tissue. | Stores fat as potential energy, cushions bony prominences; provides some insulation from cold. |
| True or False - Adipose tissue contributes to appetite, the use of insulin, and the activation of WBCs. | True |
| Sarcoptes scabiei | scabies - burrows under the skin. |
| Pediculus humanus capitis | head lice |
| Pediculus humanus corporis | body lice |
| Phthirus pubis | pubis lice |
Created by:
kbcanarr
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