basic word structure
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| aden/o | gland
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| -oma | tumor or mass
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| adenoma | tumor of a gland
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| arthr/o | joint
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| -itis | inflammation
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| artritis | inflammation of the joint
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| bi/o | life
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| -ology | the study of
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| biology | the study of life
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| -opsy | process of viewing
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| biopsy | the viewing of life (living tissue removed from body viewed under a microscope)
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| carcin/o | cancerous, cancer
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| carcinoma | cancerous tumor (grows from epithelial cells that line the outside of the body or the inside of organs in the body)
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| cardi/o | heart
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| cardiology | the study of the heart
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| cephal/o | head
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| -ic | pertaining to
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| cephalic | pertaining to the head
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| cerebr/o | cerebrum (largest part of the brain)
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| -al | pertaining to
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| cerebral | pertaining to the cerebrum
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| cis/o | to cut
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| in- | into
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| -ion | process
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| incision | the process of cutting into.
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| ex- | out
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| exicision | the process of cutting out
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| crin/o | secrete (to form and give off)
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| endo- | within
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| endocrine | to secrete within.
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| cyst/o | urinary bladder; a sac or a cyst
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| cyst | sac containing fluid
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| -scopy | process of visual examination
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| cystoscopy | the visual examination of (urinary bladder; sac or cyst)
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| cyt/o | cell
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| cytology | the study of cells
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| derm/o | skin
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| dermat/o | skin
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| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin
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| hypo- | under, below
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| hypodermic | pertaining to below the skin
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| electr/o | electricity
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| -gram | record
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| electrocardiogram | a record of the electricity of the heart.
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| EKG | electrocardiogram
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| ECG | electrocardiogram
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| encephal/o | brain
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| electroencephalogram | a record of the electricity of the brain
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| EEG | electroencephalogram
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| enter/o | intestines (usually the small intestines)
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| enteritis | inflammation of the intestines
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| erythr/o | red
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| -cyte | cell
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| erythrocyte | red cell (red blood cell.. carries oxygen in the blood)
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| gastr/o | stomach
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| -ectomy | excision; removal
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| gastrectomy | the excision of the stomach
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| -tomy | incision; cutting into
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| gastrotomy | incision of the stomach
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| gnos/o | knowledge
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| dia- | complete
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| -sis | state of
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| diagnosis | state of complete knowledge
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| pro- | before
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| prognosis | knowledge before
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| gynec/o | woman; female
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| gynecology | the study of woman
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| hemat/o | blood
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| hematology | the study of blood
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| -oma | mass; collection of..; growth of cells; tumor
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| hematoma | collection of blood (NOT tumor of blood)
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| -globin | protein
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| hemoglobin | blood protein (helps carry oxygen in RBCs
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| hepat/o | liver
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| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver
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| iatr/o | treatment
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| -genic | pertaining to producing, produced by, or produced in.
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| iatrogenic | produced by treatment. (adverse side effects that result from treatment or intervention by a physician)
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| leuk/o | white
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| leukocyte | white cell ( WBCs help the body fight disease)
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| nephr/o | kidney
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| nephritis | inflammation of the kidney
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| nephrology | the study of kidney
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| neur/o- | nerve
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| neurology | the study of nerves
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| onc/o | tumor
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| oncology | the study of tumors
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| -ist | one who specializes in a field of medicine
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| oncologist | one who specializes in the study of tumors
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| ophthalm/o | eye
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| -scope | an instrument for visual examination
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| ophthalmoscope | an instrument for visual examination of the eye
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| oste/o | bone
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| osteitis | inflammation of bone
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| osteoarthritis | degeneration of bones AND joints (occurs with age; often accompanied by inflammation)
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| path/o | disease
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| pathology | the study of disease
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| pathologist | one who studies disease (examines biopsy samples microscopically and examines a dead body to determine the cause of death)
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| ped/o | child
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| pediatric | pertaining to children
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| psych/o | mind
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| psychology | the study of the mind
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| psychiatrist | one who studies the mind
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| radi/o | x-rays
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| radiology | the study of x-rays
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| ren/o | kidney
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| renal | pertaining to the kidney (nephro- is used for kidney to describe abnormal conditions and operative procedures)
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| rhin/o | nose
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| rhinitis | inflammation of the nose
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| sarc/o | flesh
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| sarcoma | tumor (or mass) of the flesh. (this is a malignant tumor- grows from CT like muscle, bone, and fat)
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| sect/o | to cut
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| re- | back
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| resection | cutting back ("cutting out" or removal (excision))
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| thromb/o | clot; clotting
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| thrombocyte | a clotting cell (aka... platelets)
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| thrombus | the actual clot that forms.
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| -osis | condition
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| thrombosis | the condition of clot formation
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| ur/o | urinary tract; urine
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| urology | the study of the urinary tract
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| urologist | a surgeon who operates on the organs of the urinary tract and the organs of the male reproductive system.
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| -algia | pain
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| arthralgia | joint pain
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| neuralgia | nerve pain
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| nephrectomy | the excision of kidney
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| -emia | blood condition
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| leukemia | "blood condition of white (blood cells)" (cancerous WBCs increase in number)
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| -genic | pertaining to producing; produced by; or produced in
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| carcinogenic | cancer causing
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| pathogenic | produced by disease
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| -ic | pertaining to
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| -ical | pertaining to
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| gastric | pertaining to the stomach
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| neurological | pertaining to the nerves
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| -ion | process
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| excision | the process of cutting out (removing)
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| -osis | condition, usually abnormal (slight increase in numbers when used with blood cells)
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| leukocytosis | abnormal condition of WBCs (in this case it's a slight increase in normal WBCs to fight an infection)
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| -pathy | disease condition
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| enteropathy | intestinal (usually small) disease
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| adenopathy | glandular disease (disease of a gland)
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| -sis | state of
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| -y | process, condition
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| a- | no, not, without
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| an- | no, not, without
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| auto- | self
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| autopsy | "to view by one's self" (an examination of dead body with one's own eyes)
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| dia- | through; complete
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| endo- | within
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| epi- | above, upon
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| epigastric | pertaining to above the stomach
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| ex- | out (ex: excision)
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| exo- | out (ex: exocrine)
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| hyper- | excessive, above, more than normal
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| glyc/o | sugar
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| hyperglycemia | high blood sugar
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| hypo- | deficient, below, under, less than normal. (below...when used with a body part)
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| hypogastric | pertaining to below the stomach
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| hypoglycemia | low blood sugar
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| peri- | surrounding, around
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| -um | a structure
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| pericardium | structure surrounding the heart
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| pro- | before, forward
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| re- | back, backward, again
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| retro- | behind
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| retrocardiac | pertaining to behind the heart
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| sub- | below, under
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| subhepatic | below the liver.
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| trans- | across, through
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