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broad psychology despcriptors

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The study of psychology in philosophical context dates back to the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece, China, India, and Persia.    
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Psychology began adopting a more clinical and experimental approach under medieval Muslim psychologists and physicians, who built psychiatric hospitals for such purposes.    
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The American philosopher William James published his seminal book, Principles of Psychology in 1890, laying the foundations for many of the questions on which psychologists would focus for years to come.    
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Various schools of thought have argued for a particular model to be used as a guiding theory by which all, or the majority, of human behavior can be explained.    
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Some psychologists may think of themselves as adherents to a particular school of thought and reject the others, although most consider each as an approach to understanding the mind, and not necessarily as mutually exclusive theories.    
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On the basis of Tinbergen's four questions a framework of reference of all fields of psychological research can be established (including anthropological research and humanities).    
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In modern times, psychology has adopted an integrated perspective towards understanding consciousness, behavior, and social interaction.    
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This perspective is commonly referred to as the biopsychosocial approach.    
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The basic tenet of the biopsychosocial model is that any given behavior or mental process affects and is affected by dynamically interrelated biological, psychological, and social factors.    
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The psychological aspect refers to the role that cognition and emotions play in any given psychological phenomenon—for example, the effect of mood or beliefs and expectations on an individual's reactions to an event.    
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The biological aspect refers to the role of biological factors in psychological phenomena—for example, the effect of the prenatal environment on brain development and cognitive abilities, or the influence of genes on individual dispositions.    
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The socio-cultural aspect refers to the role that social and cultural environments play in a given psychological phenomenon—for example, the role of parental or peer influence in the behaviors or characteristics of an individual.    
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Created by: cschalew
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