Muscles by region

Help!

Muscle

Function, Location

Region or Type

Insertion, Origin, Nerve

Occipitalis

FXN - fixes the aponeurosis & pulls the scalp posteriorly

muscle of facial expression

CN = VII

🗑

Frontalis

FXN - wrinkles skin of forehead horizontally, raises eyebrows; aka frowning muscle; location: forehead area

muscle of facial expression

CN = VII

🗑

Orbicularis oculi

FXN - winking, squinting, blinking, drawing eyebrows downward; location: surrounds the rim of the orbit

muscle of facial expression

CN = VII

🗑

Corrugator supercilii

FXN - synergist of the orbicularis oculi; helps to wrinkle the forehead vertically

muscle of facial expression

CN = VII

🗑

Zygomaticus

FXN - smiling, raises corners of mouth; location: extends from the zygomatic bone to the corner of the mouth

muscle of facial expression

CN = VII

🗑

Risorius

FXN - laughing muscle

muscle of facial expression

CN = VII

🗑

Orbicularis oris

FXN - closes the lips, purses the lips, whistling; aka kissing muscle; location: runs circularly around the mouth

muscle of facial expression

CN = VII

🗑

Mentalis

FXN = protrudes lower lip; location: chin area

muscle of facial expression

CN = VII

🗑

Buccinator

FXN - compresses cheeks; also, whistling, sucking, and holding food during mastication; aka trumpeter's muscle

muscle of facial expression and muscle of mastication

CN = VII

🗑

Platysma (flat)

FXN - depresses mandible, tenses the skin of the neck (as in shaving); location - neck area

muscle of facial expression

CN = VII

🗑

Masseter

FXN - primer mover of jaw, elevates/closes jaw, mastication

muscle of mastication

O - zygomatic arch; I - angle & ramus of mandible; CN = V

🗑

Temporalis

FXN - closes jaw; also a synergist of the pterygoid muscles that cause side-to-side movement during chewing/biting

muscle of mastication

CN = V

🗑

Pterygoid

FXN - grinding movement; there are 2 pterygoid muscles: lateral & medial

muscle of mastication

CN = V

🗑

Pectoralis major

FXN - moves the arm: flexion, medial rotation, adduction (and pulls it across chest); is also an accesory muscle of respiration (inspiratory phase); location - around the breast

anterior trunk

N: pectoral nerve

🗑

Pectoralis minor

FXN: draws the scapula forward & downwards; location - lies deep to the pectoralis major

anterior trunk

N: pectoral nerve

🗑

Serratus anterior

FXN: holds scapula against chest wall & rotates it; location - lies deep; aka: boxer's muscle

anterior trunk

N: long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)

🗑

External intercostals

FXN: aids in inspiration, synergist of the diaphragm, lifts rib cage; direction of fibers: oblique forward (hands in front pockets)

anterior trunk

N: intercostal nerves

🗑

Internal intercostals

FXN: aids in forced expiration (like blowing out a candle); direction of fibers (hands in back pockets)

anterior trunk

N: intercostal nerves

🗑

Diaphragm

FXN: inspiration, flattens on contraction, increasing the vertical diameter of the thorax (expands the lungs); helps to increase intra-abdominal pressure (defecation, urination, parturition)

anterior trunk

I: central tendon; O: rib cage as a whole (includes sternum & ribs); N: phrenic nerve (C3-C4)

🗑

Rectus abdominus

FXN: flexes trunk, increases intra-abdominal pressure (compresses abdomen); location: superficial; separated by the linea alba

abdomen

(blank)

🗑

External oblique

FXN: increase intra-abdominal pressure, flexes trunk; location: superficial; fiber direction: oblique (\\\) (hands in front pocket)

abdomen

(blank)

🗑

Internal oblique

FXN: increase intra-abdominal pressure; location: deep to external obliques, superficial to internal obliques; fiber direction: oblique (///) (hands in back pocket)

abdomen

(blank)

🗑

Transversus abdominus

FXN: increase intra-abdominal pressure; location: deep to internal obliques; fiber direction: transverse

abdomen

(blank)

🗑

Trapezius

FXN: elevates scapula & rotates it downward (shrug shoulders); location: most superficial; falt & triangular muscle

posterior trunk

I: clavicle and scapula; O: occipital bone; N: CN11 - accessory nerve

🗑

Levator scapula

FXN: elevates scapula

posterior trunk

N: dorsal scapular nerve

🗑

Rhomboid minor; Rhomboid major

FXN: square and stabilize the scapula; location: deep to the trapezius

posterior trunk

N: dorsal scapular nerve

🗑

Rotator cuff (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor)

FXN: supraspinatus is a synergist of the deltoid as an abductor of the arm

posterior trunk

(blank)

🗑

Latissiums dorsi

FXN: extension, adduction, medial rotation of the arm; location: lower back; broad, flat, triangular muscle (used in swimming and rowing); aka: "lats"

posterior trunk

N: C6-C8 - thoracodorsal nerve

🗑

Deltoid

FXN: abduction of arm; location: shoulder

posterior trunk

I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus; O: insertion of trapezius; N: axillary nerve

🗑

Biceps brachii

FXN: flexor; location: most lateral muscle of the anterior upper arm (inferior to deltoid); has 2 heads

anterior upper arm

N: musculocutaneous

🗑

Brachialis

FXN: flexor; location: medial to biceps, lateral to triceps (lateral head)

anterior upper arm

N: musculocutaneous

🗑

Brachioradialis

FXN: flexor; lateral muscle - runs from humerus to the radius

anterior upper arm

O: humerus; I: radial aspect of forearm; N: radial nerve (only flexor innervated by the radial nerve)

🗑

Coracobrachialis

FXN: flexor; location: center of upper arm, piereced by the musculocutaneous nerve

anterior upper arm

N: musculocutaneous

🗑

Glossus

tongue

Neck

(blank)

🗑

Digastric

location: V-shaped, under the mandible

Neck

(blank)

🗑

Mylohyoid

flat, triangular muscle just deep to digastric

Neck

(blank)

🗑

Sternohyoid

location: connects manubrium to hyoid bone

Neck

(blank)

🗑

Sternocleidomastoid

FXN: neck flexion & rotation, some tilt of head

Neck

(blank)

🗑

Brachioradialis

FXN: flexes wrist; location: most lateral of superficial forearm muscles

anterior forearm

O: medial epicondyle; N: radial nerve

🗑

Pronator teres

FXN: flexes and pronates wrist; location: medial to brachioradialis (2nd superficial muscle from lateral to medial)

anterior forearm

O: medial epicondyle; N: median nerve

🗑

Flexor carpi radialis

FXN: flexes wrist; location: the "middle" of the 5 flexors

anterior forearm

O: medial epicondyle; N: median nerve

🗑

Palmaris longus

FXN: flexes wrist; location; medial to flexor carpi radialis, lateral to flexor carpi ulnaris

anterior forearm

O: medial epicondyle; N: median nerve

🗑

Flexor carpi ulnaris

FXN: flexes wrist; location: most medial of the flexor muscles

anterior forearm

O: medial epicondyle; N: ulnar nerve

🗑

Flexor digitorum superficialis

FX: flexes digits; location: deep to the other 5 flexors

anterior forearm

N: median nerve

🗑

Triceps brachii

FXN: extension of forearm; 3 heads (origins): long, lateral, medial

posterior arm

N: radial nerve

🗑

Anconeus

FXN: synergist of the triceps brachii

posterior arm

(blank)

🗑

Extensor capri radialis

FXN: extends the wrist; 2 muscles: brevis & longus

posterior forearm

N: radial nerve

🗑

Extensor digitorum

(blank)

posterior forearm

N: radial nerve

🗑

Extensor carpi ulnaris

(blank)

posterior forearm

N: radial nerve

🗑

Supinator

FXN: extends and supinates the wrist; location: lies deep to the extensor

posterior forearm

N: radial nerve

🗑

Gluteus maximus

FXN: extends the thigh; location: overlies the sciatic nerve; largest & most superficial muscle of the gluteal region

gluteal

N: sciatic nerve: inferior gluteal branch

🗑

Gluteus medius

FXN: abducts & medially rotates the thigh

gluteal

N: sciatic nerve: superior gluteal branch

🗑

Gluteus minimus

FXN: abducts & medially rotates the thigh

gluteal

N: sciatic nerve: superior gluteal branch

🗑

Sartorius

FXN: flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh and flexes the knee (crosses the legs); aka: tailor's muscle; longest muscle in the body

anterior thigh

I: medial aspect of tibia; O: ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine); N: femoral

🗑

Quadricep femoris

FXN: flexes thigh; extends knee

anterior thigh

N: femoral

🗑

Tensor faxciae latae

FXN: flexes, abducts, and medially rotates the thigh

anterior thigh

N: femoral

🗑

Iliopoas

FXN: flexes thigh; combination of psoas major & iliacus

inner aspect of pelvis

N: femoral nerve

🗑

Adductor magnus

FXN: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur

groin

N: obturator nerve

🗑

Adductor longus

FXN: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femu

groin

N: obturator nerve

🗑

Pectineus

FXN: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femu

groin

N: obturator nerve

🗑

Gracilis

FXN: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femu

groin

N: obturator nerve

🗑

Piriformis

FXN: laterally rotates thigh

lateral rotator

(blank)

🗑

Obturators (internus & externus)

FXN: laterally rotates thigh

lateral rotator

(blank)

🗑

Gemellis (superior & inferior)

FXN: laterally rotates thigh

lateral rotator

(blank)

🗑

Quadratus femoris

FXN: laterally rotates thigh

lateral rotator

(blank)

🗑

Biceps femoris

FXN: extend thigh, flex knee; location; most lateral hamstring muscle

posterior thigh - hamstring

N: sciatic nerve

🗑

Semitendinosus

FXN: extend thigh, flex knee; location: medial to biceps femoris

posterior thigh - hamstring

I: tibial tuberosity; N: sciatic nerve

🗑

Semimembranous

FXN: extend thigh, flex knee; location: medial to semitendinosus (lateral aspect is deep to semitendinosus)

posterior thigh - hamstring

N: sciatic nerve

🗑

Gastrocnemius

FXN: flexes leg; location: superficial; has 2 heads

posterior leg

(blank)

🗑

Soleus

FXN: plantar flexes the foot; location: deep

posterior leg

(blank)

🗑

Tibialis posterior

FXN: plantar flexion & inversion; location: deep to soleus

posterior leg

N: tibial nerve

🗑

Flexor digitorum longus

FXN: plantar flexion & toe flexion; location: lies medial to and partially covers the tibialis posterior

posterior leg

N: tibial nerve

🗑

Flexor hallucis longus

FXN: flexes big toe; location: lies lateral to the inferior aspect of the tibialis posterior

posterior leg

N: tibial nerve

🗑

Tibialis anterior

FXN: dorsiflexion; location: runs parallel to the anterior crest (shin) of the tibia

anterolateral leg

N: deep fibular nerve

🗑

Fibularis longus

FXN: plantarflexion, inversion; location: posterior to lateral malleolus

anterolateral leg

N: superficial fibular nerve

🗑

Fibularis brevis

FXN: plantar flexion, inversion; location: posterior to lateral malleolus

anterolateral leg

N: superficial fibular nerve

🗑

Fibularis tertius

FXN: dorsiflexion; location: anterior to lateral malleolus

anterolaterlal leg

N: deep fibular nerve

🗑

Extensor digitorum longus

FXN: extends toes; location: deep to fibularis group muscles

anterolateral leg

I: vist the extensor expansion to the toes

🗑

Extensor hallucis longus

FXN: extends big toe

anterolateral leg

(blank)

🗑

Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.

To hide a column, click on the column name.

To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.

You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.

Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.

Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

Normal Size Small Size show me how

Created by: debmurph