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Muscles by region

MuscleFunction, LocationRegion or TypeInsertion, Origin, Nerve
Occipitalis FXN - fixes the aponeurosis & pulls the scalp posteriorly muscle of facial expression CN = VII
Frontalis FXN - wrinkles skin of forehead horizontally, raises eyebrows; aka frowning muscle; location: forehead area muscle of facial expression CN = VII
Orbicularis oculi FXN - winking, squinting, blinking, drawing eyebrows downward; location: surrounds the rim of the orbit muscle of facial expression CN = VII
Corrugator supercilii FXN - synergist of the orbicularis oculi; helps to wrinkle the forehead vertically muscle of facial expression CN = VII
Zygomaticus FXN - smiling, raises corners of mouth; location: extends from the zygomatic bone to the corner of the mouth muscle of facial expression CN = VII
Risorius FXN - laughing muscle muscle of facial expression CN = VII
Orbicularis oris FXN - closes the lips, purses the lips, whistling; aka kissing muscle; location: runs circularly around the mouth muscle of facial expression CN = VII
Mentalis FXN = protrudes lower lip; location: chin area muscle of facial expression CN = VII
Buccinator FXN - compresses cheeks; also, whistling, sucking, and holding food during mastication; aka trumpeter's muscle muscle of facial expression and muscle of mastication CN = VII
Platysma (flat) FXN - depresses mandible, tenses the skin of the neck (as in shaving); location - neck area muscle of facial expression CN = VII
Masseter FXN - primer mover of jaw, elevates/closes jaw, mastication muscle of mastication O - zygomatic arch; I - angle & ramus of mandible; CN = V
Temporalis FXN - closes jaw; also a synergist of the pterygoid muscles that cause side-to-side movement during chewing/biting muscle of mastication CN = V
Pterygoid FXN - grinding movement; there are 2 pterygoid muscles: lateral & medial muscle of mastication CN = V
Pectoralis major FXN - moves the arm: flexion, medial rotation, adduction (and pulls it across chest); is also an accesory muscle of respiration (inspiratory phase); location - around the breast anterior trunk N: pectoral nerve
Pectoralis minor FXN: draws the scapula forward & downwards; location - lies deep to the pectoralis major anterior trunk N: pectoral nerve
Serratus anterior FXN: holds scapula against chest wall & rotates it; location - lies deep; aka: boxer's muscle anterior trunk N: long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
External intercostals FXN: aids in inspiration, synergist of the diaphragm, lifts rib cage; direction of fibers: oblique forward (hands in front pockets) anterior trunk N: intercostal nerves
Internal intercostals FXN: aids in forced expiration (like blowing out a candle); direction of fibers (hands in back pockets) anterior trunk N: intercostal nerves
Diaphragm FXN: inspiration, flattens on contraction, increasing the vertical diameter of the thorax (expands the lungs); helps to increase intra-abdominal pressure (defecation, urination, parturition) anterior trunk I: central tendon; O: rib cage as a whole (includes sternum & ribs); N: phrenic nerve (C3-C4)
Rectus abdominus FXN: flexes trunk, increases intra-abdominal pressure (compresses abdomen); location: superficial; separated by the linea alba abdomen (blank)
External oblique FXN: increase intra-abdominal pressure, flexes trunk; location: superficial; fiber direction: oblique (\\\) (hands in front pocket) abdomen (blank)
Internal oblique FXN: increase intra-abdominal pressure; location: deep to external obliques, superficial to internal obliques; fiber direction: oblique (///) (hands in back pocket) abdomen (blank)
Transversus abdominus FXN: increase intra-abdominal pressure; location: deep to internal obliques; fiber direction: transverse abdomen (blank)
Trapezius FXN: elevates scapula & rotates it downward (shrug shoulders); location: most superficial; falt & triangular muscle posterior trunk I: clavicle and scapula; O: occipital bone; N: CN11 - accessory nerve
Levator scapula FXN: elevates scapula posterior trunk N: dorsal scapular nerve
Rhomboid minor; Rhomboid major FXN: square and stabilize the scapula; location: deep to the trapezius posterior trunk N: dorsal scapular nerve
Rotator cuff (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor) FXN: supraspinatus is a synergist of the deltoid as an abductor of the arm posterior trunk (blank)
Latissiums dorsi FXN: extension, adduction, medial rotation of the arm; location: lower back; broad, flat, triangular muscle (used in swimming and rowing); aka: "lats" posterior trunk N: C6-C8 - thoracodorsal nerve
Deltoid FXN: abduction of arm; location: shoulder posterior trunk I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus; O: insertion of trapezius; N: axillary nerve
Biceps brachii FXN: flexor; location: most lateral muscle of the anterior upper arm (inferior to deltoid); has 2 heads anterior upper arm N: musculocutaneous
Brachialis FXN: flexor; location: medial to biceps, lateral to triceps (lateral head) anterior upper arm N: musculocutaneous
Brachioradialis FXN: flexor; lateral muscle - runs from humerus to the radius anterior upper arm O: humerus; I: radial aspect of forearm; N: radial nerve (only flexor innervated by the radial nerve)
Coracobrachialis FXN: flexor; location: center of upper arm, piereced by the musculocutaneous nerve anterior upper arm N: musculocutaneous
Glossus tongue Neck (blank)
Digastric location: V-shaped, under the mandible Neck (blank)
Mylohyoid flat, triangular muscle just deep to digastric Neck (blank)
Sternohyoid location: connects manubrium to hyoid bone Neck (blank)
Sternocleidomastoid FXN: neck flexion & rotation, some tilt of head Neck (blank)
Brachioradialis FXN: flexes wrist; location: most lateral of superficial forearm muscles anterior forearm O: medial epicondyle; N: radial nerve
Pronator teres FXN: flexes and pronates wrist; location: medial to brachioradialis (2nd superficial muscle from lateral to medial) anterior forearm O: medial epicondyle; N: median nerve
Flexor carpi radialis FXN: flexes wrist; location: the "middle" of the 5 flexors anterior forearm O: medial epicondyle; N: median nerve
Palmaris longus FXN: flexes wrist; location; medial to flexor carpi radialis, lateral to flexor carpi ulnaris anterior forearm O: medial epicondyle; N: median nerve
Flexor carpi ulnaris FXN: flexes wrist; location: most medial of the flexor muscles anterior forearm O: medial epicondyle; N: ulnar nerve
Flexor digitorum superficialis FX: flexes digits; location: deep to the other 5 flexors anterior forearm N: median nerve
Triceps brachii FXN: extension of forearm; 3 heads (origins): long, lateral, medial posterior arm N: radial nerve
Anconeus FXN: synergist of the triceps brachii posterior arm (blank)
Extensor capri radialis FXN: extends the wrist; 2 muscles: brevis & longus posterior forearm N: radial nerve
Extensor digitorum (blank) posterior forearm N: radial nerve
Extensor carpi ulnaris (blank) posterior forearm N: radial nerve
Supinator FXN: extends and supinates the wrist; location: lies deep to the extensor posterior forearm N: radial nerve
Gluteus maximus FXN: extends the thigh; location: overlies the sciatic nerve; largest & most superficial muscle of the gluteal region gluteal N: sciatic nerve: inferior gluteal branch
Gluteus medius FXN: abducts & medially rotates the thigh gluteal N: sciatic nerve: superior gluteal branch
Gluteus minimus FXN: abducts & medially rotates the thigh gluteal N: sciatic nerve: superior gluteal branch
Sartorius FXN: flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh and flexes the knee (crosses the legs); aka: tailor's muscle; longest muscle in the body anterior thigh I: medial aspect of tibia; O: ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine); N: femoral
Quadricep femoris FXN: flexes thigh; extends knee anterior thigh N: femoral
Tensor faxciae latae FXN: flexes, abducts, and medially rotates the thigh anterior thigh N: femoral
Iliopoas FXN: flexes thigh; combination of psoas major & iliacus inner aspect of pelvis N: femoral nerve
Adductor magnus FXN: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur groin N: obturator nerve
Adductor longus FXN: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femu groin N: obturator nerve
Pectineus FXN: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femu groin N: obturator nerve
Gracilis FXN: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femu groin N: obturator nerve
Piriformis FXN: laterally rotates thigh lateral rotator (blank)
Obturators (internus & externus) FXN: laterally rotates thigh lateral rotator (blank)
Gemellis (superior & inferior) FXN: laterally rotates thigh lateral rotator (blank)
Quadratus femoris FXN: laterally rotates thigh lateral rotator (blank)
Biceps femoris FXN: extend thigh, flex knee; location; most lateral hamstring muscle posterior thigh - hamstring N: sciatic nerve
Semitendinosus FXN: extend thigh, flex knee; location: medial to biceps femoris posterior thigh - hamstring I: tibial tuberosity; N: sciatic nerve
Semimembranous FXN: extend thigh, flex knee; location: medial to semitendinosus (lateral aspect is deep to semitendinosus) posterior thigh - hamstring N: sciatic nerve
Gastrocnemius FXN: flexes leg; location: superficial; has 2 heads posterior leg (blank)
Soleus FXN: plantar flexes the foot; location: deep posterior leg (blank)
Tibialis posterior FXN: plantar flexion & inversion; location: deep to soleus posterior leg N: tibial nerve
Flexor digitorum longus FXN: plantar flexion & toe flexion; location: lies medial to and partially covers the tibialis posterior posterior leg N: tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus FXN: flexes big toe; location: lies lateral to the inferior aspect of the tibialis posterior posterior leg N: tibial nerve
Tibialis anterior FXN: dorsiflexion; location: runs parallel to the anterior crest (shin) of the tibia anterolateral leg N: deep fibular nerve
Fibularis longus FXN: plantarflexion, inversion; location: posterior to lateral malleolus anterolateral leg N: superficial fibular nerve
Fibularis brevis FXN: plantar flexion, inversion; location: posterior to lateral malleolus anterolateral leg N: superficial fibular nerve
Fibularis tertius FXN: dorsiflexion; location: anterior to lateral malleolus anterolaterlal leg N: deep fibular nerve
Extensor digitorum longus FXN: extends toes; location: deep to fibularis group muscles anterolateral leg I: vist the extensor expansion to the toes
Extensor hallucis longus FXN: extends big toe anterolateral leg (blank)
Created by: debmurph
 

 



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