vocab for art history
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| Abstract art | works that may have form, but have little or no attempt at pictorial resresentation
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| Allegory | work of art that possesses a symbolic meaning in addition to a literal interpretation (fable)
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| Anamorphic image | image that must be viewed by speacial means,i.e. mirror, in order to be recognized
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| Apotheosis | type of painting where images are rising heavenward
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| Arabesque | flowing, intricate, symmetrical pattern from floral motifs
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| Assemblage | 3D work made of various materials such as wood, cloth, paper, and misc. objects
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| Avant-garde | innovative artists that reject traditional in favor of experimental techniques
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| Benday dots | a pointillist approach to printing by Benjamin Day
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| Biomorphism | movement that stresses organic shapes that hint at natural forms
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| Bottega | Studio of Italian artist
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| Calotype | early photo, characterized by grainy quality.+ and - image. william h.f.talbot. first photo.
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| Camera obscura | box w/lens that captures light & casts image on opposite side
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| Chiaroscuro | gradual transition from light to dark in a painting. forms not defined by sharp outlines, but by meeting of lighter and darker areas.
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| Cire perdue | lost-wax process; clay figure covered in wax, and then again in clay. fired;wax melts away and leaves space between clays and creates a mold.
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| Cloissonne | enamelwork in which colored areas are separated by thin bands of metal.
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| Collage | composition made by pasting together different items onto a flat surface
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| Color field | style of abstract painting of simple shapes and monochromatic color
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| Contrapposto | graceful arrangement of the body based on tilted shoulders and hips and bent knees
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| Cylinder seal | round piece of carved stone that produces an image when rolled onto clay
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| Daguerreotype | early photo(by Daguerre)has shiny surface,meticulous finish & clarity of detail. unique photo that has no negative.
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| Documentary photography | type that seeks social and political redress for current issues as way of exploiting society's faults.
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| Donor | patron of a work of art who is often seen in that work
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| Encaustic | ancient method of painting using colored waxes that are burned into a wooden surface
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| Engraving | printmaking-tool called burin carves into metal plate, ink passes into crevices of plate.paper is applied, results in detailed print.
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| Etching | printmaking- metal plate covered in wax,cuts into wax exposed the plate, plate submerged in acid,eats away exposed plate,plate cleaned,ink fills in crevices from acid. finest detail of early prints
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| Exemplum virtutis | painting that tells a moral tale for viewer
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| Foreshortening | visual effect when object is shortened in order to appear to be receding in space
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| Fresco | applying water based paint onto freshly plastered wall. bond is durable and long lasting
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| Frottage | rubbing a crayon or pencil over paper placed on surface with raised design
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| Genre painting | painting in which scenes of everyday life are depicted
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| Grisaille | painting done in neutral shades of gray to simulate the look of sculpture
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| Hierarchy of scale | representation of person's importance by the size of them in a piece of art
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| Horror vacui | artwork where the entire surface is filled with objects, people, designs in crowded way
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| Icon | devotional panel depicting a sacred image
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| Impasto | thick & very visible application of paint on a surface
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| Lithography | printmaking- flat stone surface base,artist draws image with special crayon attracting ink. paper will absorb the ink and image made
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| Mosaic | decoration using stone,marble or colored glass(tesserae)cemented to wall or floor
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| Negative space | empty space around an object or a person
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| Orans figure | figure with its hands raised in prayer
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| Orthogonal | lines that appear to recede toward a vanishing painting
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| Pastel | colored chalk that mixes with other ingredients to make soft/delicate hue
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| Perspective | having to do with depth and recession in a picture
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| Linear perspective | achieves 3D quality in 2D plane
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| Atmospheric or aerial perspective | Landscapes that give the illusion of distance
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| Photogram | image made by placing objects on photosensitive paper & exposing to light
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| Plein-air | painting outdoors capturing effects of direct lighting on objects
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| Pointillism | painting technique using smalls dots of color that are combined by the eye at a distance
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| Quadro riportato | mural painting on curved ceiling -ex. sistine chapel
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| Di sotto in su | ceiling paintings that appear to hover over you and look down on you
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| Ready made | a commonplace object that is chosen and displayed as art
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| Relief sculpture | sculpture that projects from a flat background
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| Bas-relief | a very shallow relief sculpture
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| Repousse | metal relief sculpture where the back side of a plate is hammered to raise relief in front
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| School | group of artists sharing same philosophy, working around same time, not necessarily together
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| Sfumato | hazy effect that distances viewer from subject of painting
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| Still life | painting of grouping of inanimate objects like fruit or flowers
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| Tapa | cloth made from bark that is soaked and beaten into a fabric
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| Tempera | paint employing egg yolk as binding medium noted for quick dry time & flat opaque colors
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| Tenebrism | dramatic dark and light contrast in a painting
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| Tessellation | a decoration using polygonal shapes with no gaps
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| Triptych | 3 paneled painting or sculpture
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| Trompe l'oeil | painting attempting to resemble 3D real existing object
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| Vanitas | theme in still life painting that stresses brevity of life and folly of human vanity
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| Woodcut | printmaking-wooden piece cut into with tool leaving design raised and background cut away. ink rolled on print made.strong angular surfaces , sharp lines
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| Zoopraxiscope | device projecting sequences of photos to give illusion of movement
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