Cardiovascular Medications Indications and Side Effects
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| ACE Inhibitors Indication | to treat high blood pressure and heart failure; prevent constriction of blood vessels and retention of Na and fluid; improve sympathetic heart rate response during exercise in the early phase of MI to prevent heart failure
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| ACE Inhibitors Side Effects | Persistent, dry cough, skin rash, loss of taste, weakness, headache, palpitations, incdrease of swellikng of feet or abdomen, increrase in dizziness or fainting (due to low BP) numbness or tingling of the hands, feet or lips renal failure
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| Diuretics Indication | To increase the excretion of Na and water and control high pressure and fluid retention
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| Diuretics Side Effects | Drowsiness, dehydration, electrolye imbalances, gout, nausea, pain, hearing loss, blood glucose abnormalities, elevated cholesterol and lipoproteinlevels, muscle cramps, dizziness, light-headedness
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| Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists Indications | To vasoconstrict arterioles by blocking the effecgts of angiotensin II, enhance renal clearance of soium and water
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| Angiotensin Receptor Agonists Side Effects | Dizziness, insomnia, anxiety, confustion, stroke, hypotension, visual changes, GI/GU effects, cough, upper respiratory infection, myalgia, many other various but less common side effects
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| Nitrates Indication | For dilation of coronary arteries
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| Nitrates Side Effects | Headache, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia
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| Calcium channel blockers Indications | To dilate coronary arteries to lower blood pressure and supress some arrhythmias
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| Calcium channel blockers Side Effects | Fluid retention, palpitations, headache from vasodilation, flushes, rash, dizziness
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| Beta Blockers Indications | Relax the vessels of the heart muscle by blocking sympathetic conduction at beta receptors on the SA node and myocardial cells, producing a decline in the force of contraction and a reduction in heart rate, decrease in BP and myocardial O2 demand, angina
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| Beta Blockers Side Effects | Insomnia, nausea, fatigue, slow pulse, weakness, increased cholesterol and blood glucose levels, nightmares, depression, sexual dysfunction, asthmatic attack, dizziness
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| Anticoagulant Indications | To prevent blood clot formation
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| Anticoagulant Side Effects | Easily bruising, joint or abdominal pain, difficulty in breathing or swallowing, paralysis, unexplained swelling, unusual or uncontrolled bleeding, rib and vertebral fractures
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| Cardiac glycosides Indications | To stregthen the heart's pumping force to increase cardiac output and decrease electrical conduction through the AV node
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| Cardiac glycosides Side Effects | Fatigue, lethargy, weakness, headache, visual disturbancer, cardiac disturbances (bradycardia, irregular heart rhythms), hypotension, anorexia, nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, CNS disturbances, electrolyte disturbances
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| Anti-platelet Indication | To prevent platelet aggregation and subsequent clot formation
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| Anti Platelet Side Effects | Gastric irritation (aspirin), bleeding or hemorrage, leg or pelvic pain, rash, atrial fibrillation, tachycardia, dizziness, confusion
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