Duke PA Pediatric Nutrition
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| What 6 aspects are included in a pediatric nutrition assessment | Medical hx, anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, dietary, social
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| Provides information about child’s physical growth. Measurements may be compared to growth charts | Anthropometric indicators
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| Laboratory values can provide information about a child’s macronutrients and micronutrients stores | Biochemical indicators
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| How much juice should a young child have per day | No more than 4 ounces
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| Head circumference is usually measured until what age | 3 years
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| What children have specialty growth charts | Those with Turner’s, Williams, Cornelia Delang or Down syndrome
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| Until what age should you use recumbent measurements for linear growth | 36 months
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| What measurement may be used for linear growth if a child cannot stand | Arm span
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| At what age is linear growth measured while standing | 3 years
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| Infants usually double birth wt between __ months | 4-6
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| By the first year of life birth wt is __ | Tripled
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| Between 1-2 years average growth in stature is __ | 4 ¾ inches
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| Between 1-2 years, average growth in wt is __ | 5.5-6.6 lbs
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| After 9th to 10th year, wt increases at a rate of __ | 4 kg/year
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| Ht increases an average of __ per year until puberty | 6-8
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| When can you introduce solids | When the child sits with balance, ready for high chair, transfers food from front of tongue to back, 4-6 months
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| How many calories do toddlers need | 90 calories/kg
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| __% of children with eating disorders are male | 5
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| The baby should be put to breast within __ post birth | 1-2 hours
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| Precursor to milk | Colostrum
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| Milk transitions in between __ postpartum | 2-4 days
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| In the case of a premature infant and infants with special needs initiate pumping within __ after delivery | 6-8 hours
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| In the case of a premature infant and infants with special needs pump every __ hours around the clock | 3
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| Ratio of weight ot the square of height in meters | BMI
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| CDC growth charts are not useful for assessing weight for height in __ | Teens
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| What are the key nutrients to be concerned with for children on a vegetarian diet | Calories, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin B12
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| Eating disorders can start as early as age | 9
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| Childhood obesity is defined as | Greater than 90th percentile for wt for ht, or greater than or equal to the 95th percentile BMI for age and sex
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| What is the recommended calcium intake for 1-3 year olds | 500 mg/d
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| What is the recommended calcium intake for 4-8 year olds | 800 mg/d
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| What is the recommended calcium intake for 9-18 year olds | 1300 mg/d
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| Length increases by ____ and HC by ___ in the first year | Length 50-55% and HC 40%
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| Teen gains about ___% of adult height and ___% of adult weight during adolescence | 20% of height, 50% of weight
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| Peak height velocity | 9.5-10.3 cm/year (boys); 8.4-9.0 cm/year (girls)
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| Wt gain re: breastfed vs formula | formula-fed infants gain wt more rapidly than breastfed, esp after 3-4 months old; higher risk for later obesity
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| Cow's milk forumula | Iron fortified, veg oil (fat source); CHO = lactose; casein:whey varies; 20 kcal/oz
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| ____ formula not recommended for premature infants | Soy
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| Soy formula | CHO: sucrose/corn syrup (glucose oligomers); methionine; Ca & PO4 increased by 20% (to compensate for soy's interference with their absorption)
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| Protein hydrolysate formulas: disadvantages | Not recommended for colic, sleeplessness or irritability; expensive
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| Formula indicated for babies with food allergies | Amino acid-based; very expensive
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| Amino acid-based formula composition | CHO: corn syrup; fat: LCFA & MCT
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| Stomach capacity FT infant | 20-90 mL; inc to 90-150 ml by 1 month of age
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| Who is overweight/obese in NC? | 61% of adults; 27% of HS students
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| Number of kids getting adequate calcium | <1 in 10 girls & 1 in 4 boys (9-13 yo)
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| Therapeutic formulas: to treat: | digestive and absorptive insufficiency or protein hypersensitivity
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| After 2 y.o., fat should be ___% of diet | 20-30%
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| Marasmus sx | <70% of IBW; emaciation; loss of mx mass/subQ fat; dry skin/hair; atrophy of the filiform papillae of the tongue; monilial stomatitis; bradycardia, hypothermia
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| Kwashiorkor = | hypoalbuminemic, edematous malnutrition; inadequate protein intake
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| Kwashiorkor sx | <60-80% IBW; maintenance of subQ fat & mx mass atrophy; Flag sx (hair color changes: band); hyperpigmented hyperkeratosis; red macular rash (pellagroid) trunk/ext; flaky paint rash
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| Water-soluble vitamins | ADEK, B, C, folate
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| Fat-soluble vitamins | ADEKC, niacin, B6, tryptophan
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| B vitamin deficiencies & sequelae | B1 beriberi (BF kids <4 mos w/EtOH mom); B3 pellagra; B6 seizures; B12 pernicious anemia
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| Strict vegetarians need: | B12 supplement
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| Vit K prophylaxis at birth is to prevent: | HDN
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| vitamin ADEK deficiencies | A xerophthalmia (night blind, xerosis conjunctiva/cornea); D rickets/ craniotabes; E neuropathy; K
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| 7 essential minerals: | Ca, PO4, Mg, Na, P, Cl, S
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| Don't give fluoride before: | 6 months
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| Most abundant major mineral | Calcium
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