the final exam for st georges episcopal 6th science
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| two characteristics of plants | autotrophic
eukaryotes
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| photosynthesisthe process by which plants make their own food | photosynthesis
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| the boundary that surrounds a plant cell | cell wall
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| a chemical that makes the cell wall rigid | cellulose
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| the structures in which food is made,photosynthesis | Chloroplasts
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| a sac like storage area where food and water is stored | vacuole
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| groups of similar cells that preform a specific function in an organism | tissues
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| found in the chloroplasts, gives it the green color | chlorophyll
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| for plants to survive on land they must have/ be able to | obtain water and other materials from their surroundings
retain water
transport materials throughout the plant
support their bodies
reproduce successfully
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| a waxy waterproof layer that covers the leaves of most plants | cuticle
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| an internal system of tube like structures through which water and food move inside the plant | vascular system
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| _____ occurs when a sperm cell unites with an egg cell | fertilization
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| the fertilized egg | zygote
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| the first stage of a plant when it is able to produce spores, the tiny cells that can grow into new organisms | sporophyte
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| a spore develops into the plant's other stage, called _____ the plant produces two kinds of sex cells in this stage | gametophyte
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| the two kinds of sex cells, perm cells and egg cells | gametes
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| the life cycle of the plant | egg - sporophyte - gameophyte
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| reaction equation of photosythesis | water + carbon dioxide + sunlight = air and glucose (sugar)
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| nonvascular plants | low-growing plants that lack vascular tissue
ex: moss, hornworts, liverworts
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| thin root-like structures called _______ anchor the moss and absorb the water and nutrients from the soil | rhizoids
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| Sphagnum moss grows in a type of wetland called a ______ | bog
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| Over time,the mosses become compressed into layers and form a blackish- brown material called ______ | peat
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| liverworts, hornworts, and mosses | lowgrowing, non-vascular,
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| two characteristics of ferns and their relatives | vascular tissue
use spores to reproduce
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| unlike mosses, ferns are | vascular plants, plants that have vascular tissue
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| a ferns leaf | frond
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| fern gametophytes | tiny plants that grow low to the ground
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| all seed plants share two characteristics | the have vascular tissue and use seeds to reproduce
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| most seed plants live_____ | on land
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| the vascular tissue through which food moves | Phloem
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| water and nutrients travel in the vascular tissue called _______ | xylem
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| structures that contain a young plant inside a protective covering | seeds
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| the three important parts of a seed | embryo, stored food, and a seed coat
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| the young plant that develops from the zygote | embryo
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| in some plants, food is stored inside on or two seed leaves, or _______ | cotyledons
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| a seed must have three things to develop into a new plant | water
light
nutrients
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| the scattering of seeds | seed dispersal
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| the early growth stage of an embryo | germination
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| the most numerous parts on many plants | the leaves
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| the function of leaves | leaves capture the sun's energy and carry out the food-making process of photosyntesis
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| the underside of the leaf has small openings, or pores called _____ | stomata they look like tiny mouths
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| how the stomata works | carbon dioxide enters the leaf through the stomata sugar and and oxygen are produced form the carbon dioxide and water
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| the process by which water evaporates from a plant's leaves | transpiration they slow down transpiration by closing the stomata
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| the stem | the stem carries substances between the plant's roots and leaves. The stem also provides support for the plant and holds up the leaves so they are exposed to the sun
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| a layer of cells inside the phloem | the cambium
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| the roots | the roots anchor the plant in the ground and absorb water and nutrients from the soil
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| contains dead cells, protects the root from injury from rocks and other material as the root grows through the soil | root cap
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| a seed plant that produces naked seeds | gymnosperm
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| characteristics of gymnosperms | every gymnosperm produces naked seeds.In addition, many gymnosperms also have needlelike or scalelike leaves, and deep- growing root systems
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| the four groups of gymnosperms | cyads, ginkgos, gneophytes, conifers
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| cyads | live only in tropical areas
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| ginkgo | only one species of ginkgo exists today
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| gnetophytes | live in hot dry deserts in south africa, least likely to be seen
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| conifers | a cone bearing plant, christmas trees, most likely to see, the largest group of gymnosperms,
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| reproductive structures | cones
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| the gymnosperms produce two types of cones | male cones and female cones
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| _____ contains the microscopic cells that will later become sperm cells | pollen (located in the male cone)
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| a structure that contains an egg cell | ovule (located i the female cone)
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| the transfer of pollen from a male reproductive structure to a female reproductive structure | pollenation
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| a plant that produces seeds that are enclosed in a fruit | angiosperms
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| the protective "vessle" where the seeds develop | ovary
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| the ovary is located within an angiosperm's ______ | flower
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| Characteristics of angiosperms | fruit
flowers
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| colorful structures that you see when flowers open | petals
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| leaflike structures that enclose a flower when it is still a bud | sepals
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| the male reproductive part | stamen
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| female reproductive part | pistil
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| how angiosperms reproduce | pollen falls on stigma
sperm cell and egg cell join together in the flower's ovule
zygote develops into the embryo part of the seed
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| angiosperms with only one seed leaf | monocots corn wheat rice lilles and tulips
flowers have a multiple of three leaves
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| angiosperms with two seed leaves | dicots roses violets dandelions oak maple beans and apples
either four or five petals or a multiple of the two
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| a plant's growth response toward or away from a stimulus | tropism
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| a chemical that affects how the plant grows and develops | hormones
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| one important hormone that speeds up the rate at which a plants cells grow | auxin
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