Child Health & Oncology
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| child's growth measurement parms | weight,head circumference,length/height and dentition(eruption of teeth).
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| development | stages of-newborn b.-1mo,infant 1mo-1yr,toddler 1-3yr,pre-sch 3-6yr,sch 6-12yr,adolescents 12-18 or 21 yrs.
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| active acquired immunity | long-term immun. from antibodies that dev naturally after infection or vaccine.
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| passive acquired immunity | from antibodies transmitted thru placenta,colostrum, injection of antiserum.
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| varicella-zoster virus | infectious agent is member of the Herpesvirus group. spread throught direct contact, incubation period is from 10-21 days. communicable from up to 5 days before skin erupts. immunization for chicken pox is varicella vaccine.
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| 5th disease | viral disease characterized by a face that appears as "slapped cheeks", a fiery red rash on the cheeks. in 1-4 days after facial rash, a maculopapular rash appears on trunk and extremities. disease lsts from 2-5 days, but rash may occur.infectious agent i
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| asthma | paroxysmal dyspnea, severe attack of diff.breathing. wheezing caused by bronchialtube spasm or mucous mem swelling. is reversible.
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| rubella | German,3day measles-mild febrile infectious disease resembling scarlet fever and measles, but differs in short course. characterized by a rash of macules and papules that disappears in three days. Koplik's spots and photophobia are NOT present. infectious
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| rubeola | Red,7day measles-begins as upper-resp.w/fever,sorethroat,cough,runnynose, sensitivity to lite, red blotchy rash 4-5 days after onset. Koplik's spots in the mouth- measles virus is infectious agent, direct contact infect/person.incub per.is 10-20days.MMR v
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| HDN | hemolytic disease of the newborn
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| RDS | respiratory distress syndrome,hyaline membrane disease
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| spina bifida occulta | congen defect-central nerv sys.back portion of on+vertabrae is not closed usually 5th lumbar.
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| Tay-Sachs | a gengenital disorder from an altered lipid metabolism from enzyme deficiency. phy and mental retardation.symp begin about 6mo.
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| umbilical hernia | protrusion of the intestine thru weakness in ab wall around the belly button.
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| croup | barking cough,stridor,laryngeal spasm.
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| cryptorchidism | undescended testicle, surgery may be necessary.(orchiopexy)
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| scarlet fever | scarlatina,acute,contagious-sore throat,hifever,increased pulse,strawberry tongue+punctiform(pointlike)red rash on body.streptococci,inc-2-4days,onset+10days contagious.
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| cleft lip/palate | congen defect-open space between nasal cav and lip, did not fuse in embryologic dev. cleft palate is failure of hard palate to fuse.
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| Reye's syndrome | severe edema of brain with intracranial pressure,hypoglycemia,fatyy dysfunct of liver. viral illness + aspirin is potential. 5 diff symptoms.
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| omphalocele hernia | congen. herniation of intra-abdom viscera thru a defect in the abdo wall around the navel(umbilicus)
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| 2 most common cancers | breast,prostate
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| de-differentiation | anaplasia, change in structure and orientation of cells, loss of specialization and reversion to a more primitive form.
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| anaplasia | de-differentiation
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| malignant | tending to become worse and cause death.
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| metastasis | process-tumor cells spread to distant parts of body.
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| antineoplastic | of or pertaining to substance,procedure or measure that prevents the proliferation of malignant cells.
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| pedunculated | pertaining to a structure with a stalk.
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| sessile | attached by a base rather than a stalk or a peduncle.
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| oncology | study of cancer
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| metastatic intracranial tumors | occuring as a result of metastasis from a primary site such as the lung or breast.
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| primary intracranial tumor | arise from gliomas (malignant glial cells that are a support for nerve tissues) or from the meninges
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| benign | noncancerous, non life-threatening
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| ductal carcinoma | most common type of breast cancer,
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| wilms tumor | malignant tumor of the kidney -usually in childhood.
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| kaposi's sarcoma | rare malignant lesions begin as soft purple-brown nodules or plaques on the feet-gradually spreak thruout the skin.
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| warning signs of cancer - acronym | CAUTION-change in bowel or bladder habits,a sore that does not heal,unusual bleeding or discharge,thickening or lump in breast or ?,indigestion or difficulty in swallow,obvious change in wart/mole,nagging cough or hoarse
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| staging of neoplasms | T(0-4)tumor size(primary),N(0-3)degree of regional lymph node involvement,M(0-3)presence or absence of distant metastases.
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| grading of neoplasms | 1-well differientiated cells function most like the parent tissue, 4-least differentiated,most rapidly increasing in number.
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| carcinomas | largest group of neoplasms. originate from epithelial tissue(covers internal and external body surfaces) ex.-gastric adenocarcinoma
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| sarcomas | less common. originate from supportive and connective tissue such as bone,fat,muscle, and cartilage. osteosarcoma
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| benign characteristics | usually encapsulated,well differentiated,well-defined borders,slow-growing/limited to 1 area,possible growth displacement, but not invasion to adjacent tissue
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| chemotherapy | use of chemical agents to destroy cancer cells on a selective basis.
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| radiation RTx | emission of energy, rays, or waves
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| surgery | used in more than 90%of cancers, used in diagnosing and staging. in more than 60% of all cancers, primary treatment
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| cephalocaudal | Growth and development proceeds from head to toe
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| proximodistal | – Growth and development proceeds from center outward or from midline to periphery
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| development principles | gen to specific,simple to complex,growthspurts
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| Impetigo | Contagious superficial skin infection characterized by serous vesicles and pustules filled with millions of staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria, usually forming on the face,Progresses to pruritic erosions and crusts with a honey-colored appearance
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| Mumps | Infectious Parotitis, viral, fever,swelling/tender of salivary glands,MMR vaccine
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| Pertussis | Whooping Cough,upper resp infect disease, violent cough whoop, DPT vaccine
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| Roseola infantum | viral disease,hi fever 3-4 days w/ cold like symptoms. after fever rash on trunk.herpes 6
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| lumbar puncture | obtain spinal fluid by hollow needle and stylet into space of lumbar portion of the spinal canal
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| microcephalus | congenital anomaly w/smallness of the head in relation to the rest of the body-underdevelopment of the brain,retardation
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| neonatology | study of newborns
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| nomogram | graphic respresentation of a numeric relationship
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| omphalitis | inflammation of the navel
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| omphalocele | herniation of intra-abdom viscera thru a defect in abdom wall around the navel
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| omphalorrhea | drainage from the navel
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| primary teeth | baby teeth, deciduous teeth
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| prodromal | early signs/symptoms of a disease
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| pyrexia | fever
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| recumbent | lying down
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| retraction | displacement of tissues to expose part or structure of body
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| stridor | abnormal, high-pitched musical sound
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| toxoid | toxin that has been treated w/chemicals or heat to decrease its toxic effect,but is able to produce antibodies
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| tympanic temperature | temperature taken at the tympanic membrane(ear)
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| vertex | top of the head, crown.
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| wheezing | a breath sound, with high pitched musical quality.
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| blast/o | embryonic stage of development
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| cephal/o | head
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| crypt/o | hidden
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| epi | upon,over
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| esophag/o | esophagus
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| hydr/o | water
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| hypo | under,below,less than normal
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| nat/o | birth
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| neo | new
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| omphal | navel
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| pyr/o | fire
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| rose/o | rose colored
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| tetr/a | four
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| tympan/o | eardrum
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| diphtheria | infect.disease affecting nose,pharynx,or larynx, sore throat,dysphonia and fever. forms white coating over affected airways as it multiplies. DPT vaccine.
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| epispadias | urethra opens on the upper side of the penis, near the glans.
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| Hemolytic disease of the Newborn | HDN,erythroblastosis fetalis, Rh factor, antigen,antibody reaction.
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| esophageal atresia | EA, esophagus abnormality-it ends before it reaches the stomach .
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| gigantism | overgrowth of the body due to hypersecretion of the human grownth hormone before puberty.
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| hydrocele | accumulation of fluid in any saclike cavity or duct
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| hydrocephalus | abnormal increase of CSF,cerebrospinal fluid, causing ventricles of brain to dilate;increased head circum.
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| hypospadias | urethra opens on underside of penis
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| intussusception | telescoping of a portion of proximal intestine into distal intestine causing obstruction.
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| patent ductus arteriosus | abnormal opening between pulm.artery and aorta (from birth)
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| phimosis | tightness of foreskin of penis
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| Shaken Baby Syndrome | SBS
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| heel puncture | to obtain blood sample from newborn
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| AAP | American Academy of Pediatrics
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| ASQ | Ages & Stages Questionnaire
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| BCG | bacille Calmette-Guerin
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| DPT | diphtheria,pertussis, and tetanus vaccine
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| DS | Down syndrome
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| DA | esophageal atresia
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| HDN | hemolytic disease of the newborn
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| HIB | Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine
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| HMD | hyaline membrane disease
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| MMR | measles-mumps-rubella
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| PKU | phenylketonuria
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| PNP | pediatrics nurse practitioner
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| RDS | respiratory distress syndrome
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| SBS | shaken baby syndrome
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| SIDS | sudden infant death syndrome
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| Tb | tuberculosis
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| Td | tentanus and diphtheria toxoid
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| adjuvant | substance, especially a drug, added to a prescription ot assist in the action of the main ingredient.
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| antimetabolite | a class of antineoplastic drugs used to treat cancer.
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| scirrhous | pertaining to a carcinoma w/a hard structure
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| radiotherapy | treatment of disease using X-rays or gamma rays
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| protocol | written plan of steps to be taken
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| papilloma | a benign epithelial neoplasm characterized by a branching or lobular tumor.
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| oncogene | a gene in a virus that has the ability to cause a malignant tumor
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| oncogenesis | formation of a tumor
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| modality | method of application
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| mitosis | cell division -formation of 2 genetically identical daughter cells
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| lumpectomy | removal of tumor and adjacent breast tissue
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| neoplasm | abnormal growth of new tissue, benign or malignant
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| morbidity | illness or abnormal condition or quality
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| radiocurable tumor,radioresistant tumor,radioresponsive tumor | reacts favorably or not to radiation
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| staging | distinct phases or periods in the course of a disease.
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| stem cell | a formative cell; a cell whose dauther cells may give rise to other cell types.
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| tumor | new growth of tissue w/progressive, uncontrolled proliferation of cells.
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| verrucous | rough,warty
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| ana | without
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| -blast | embryonic stage of development
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| carcin/0 | cancer
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| chem/o | pertaining to a chemical
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| cry/o | cold
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| cyst/o | bladder,sac,or cyst
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| epi | on,upon
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| fibr/o | pertaining to fiber
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| meta | beyond or after
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| -oma | tumor
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| onc/o | swelling, mass or tumor
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| papill/o | resembling a nipple
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| -plasia | formation or growth
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| -plasm | living substance
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| radi/o | radiation;also refers to radius
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| sarc/o | of or related to the flesh
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| scirrh/o | hard
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| malignant tumor characteristics | not encapsulated,irregular in shape and pattern of growth,no resemblance to cell of origin,no well-defined borders,growth into adjacent cells,can metastasize to distant sites thru blood or lymph systems,rapid growth thru rapid cell division/multiplication
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| PSA | prostate specific antigen
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| basal cell carcinoma | most common malignant tumor of epithelial tissue
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| squamous cell carcinoma | malignancy of squamous cells of epithelial tissue, much faster growing than basal cell.
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| intracranial tumors | occur in any region of the brain. classified as metastatic or primary, may be benign or malignant
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| Bx,bx | biopsy
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| Ca | Cancer
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| CEA | carcinoembryonic antigen
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| DES | diethylstilbestrol
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| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid
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| mets | metastasis
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| NHL | non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
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| Papsmear | a simple smear method of examining stained exfoliative cells
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| PSA | prostate-specific antigen
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| RNA | ribonucleic acid
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| RTx | radiation therapy
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| TNM | tumor,nodes, and metastasis(staging system for malignant neoplastic disease)
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