UABSON Pharmacology Unit One Terms
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| pharmaceutics | Study of how various drug forms influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activities
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| pharmacokinetics | Study of what the body does to a drug. Determines onset, duration, and intensity of a drug's effect.
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| pharmacodynamics |
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| disintegration | the breakdown of a tablet into smaller particles
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| dissolution | the dissolving of the smaller particles in the GI fluid before absorption
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| rate limiting | the time it takes the drug to disintegrate and dissolve to become available for the body to absorb it
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| absorption | Movement of the drug from the site of administration to the blood circulation
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| distribution | Movement of the drug through the bloodstream into extravascular space (body tissues), eventually into cells.
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| metabolism | Chemical conversion or transformation of drugs into compounds which are easier to eliminate
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| excretion | Elimination of unchanged drug or metabolite from the body via renal, biliary, or pulmonary processes.
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| metabolites | The reaction products that are produced when drugs are acted on by microsomal enzymes.
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| bioavailability | the amount o the drug that reaches the systemic circulation
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| first-pass effect | A drug absorbed from the intestine must first pass through the liver to be metabolized before it reaches the systemic circulation.
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| protein-binding effect | Some drugs leave the bloodstream slowly, because they bind tightly to proteins. Others quickly leave the bloodstream and enter other tissues.As drugs are distributed in the plasma, many are bound to varying degrees with protein (primarily albumin)
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| acidic urine | promotes excretion of weak base drugs (i.e., valium, morphine, atropine). Example: Give ammonium chloride (acidic) for a patient with valium overdose.
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| alkaline urine | promotes excretion of weak acid drugs (i.e., aspirin, barbiturates, penicillins). Example: Give sodium bicarbonate (alkaline) for a patient with aspirin overdose.
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| half-life (t1/2) | the time it takes for half the original amount of a drug in the body to be removed
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| minimum effective concentration (MEC) | the minimal blood level at which a systemic drug exerts the desired effect
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| minimum toxic concentration (MTC) | the plasma concentration above which toxic effects are seen
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| therapeutic range |
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| onset of action | the time it takes for the drug to elicit a therapeutic response
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| peak action | the time it takes for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response in the body
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| duration of action | the length of time that a drug concentration in the blood or tissues is sufficient to elicit a therapeutic response
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| pharmacodynamics | The study of what the drug does to the body - biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action
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| pharmacognosy | the study of natural drug sources (plants, animals, minerals, and laboratory synthesis)
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