medical terminology for male reproductive systems
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| balan/o | glans penis
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| epididym/o | epididymis
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| orch/o | testis or testicle
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| perine/o | perineum
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| prostat/o | prostate
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| sperm/o | sperm (seed)
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| vas/o | vessel
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| scrotum | a bag; skin covered pouch in the groin that is divided into 2 sacs
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| testis (testicle) | one of the two male reproductive glands. produce sperm and testosterone
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| sperm | male gamete or sex cell produced in the testes that unites with the ovum in the female to produce offspring
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| epididymis | coiled duct on top and at the side of the testis that stores sperm before emission
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| penis | erectile tissuer covered with skin tat contains the urethra for urination and ducts for the secretion of seminal fluid
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| glans penis | bulging structure at the distal end of the penis (glans= acorn)
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| prepuce | foreskin
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| vas deferens | duct that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
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| seminal vesicle | one of two sac like structures lying behing the bladder and connected to the vas deferens on each side--secretes an alkaline substance into the semen to enable the sperm to live longer
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| semen | mixture of the secretions of the testes, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands descharged from the male urethra during orgasm
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| ejaculatory duct | duct formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle; its fluid is carried into the urethra
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| prostate gland | trilobular gland that encirlces the urethra just below the bladder---secretes an alkaline fluid into the semen
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| bulbourethral glands | pair of glands below the prostate with ducts opening into the urethra--adds a viscid (sticky) fluid to the semen
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| perineum | external region between the scrotum and anus in a male and between the vulva and anus in a female
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| spermatic cord | cord containing the vas deferens, arteries, weins, lymph vessels, and nerves that extends from the internal inguinal ring through the inguinal canal to each testicle
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| aspermia | inability to secrete or ejaculate sperm
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| azoospermia | semen without living spermatozoa, a sign of infertility in the male
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| oligospermia | scanty production and expulsion of sperm
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| mucopurulent discharge | drainage of mucus and pus
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| anorchism | absence of one or both testes
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| balanitis | inflammation of glans penis
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| cryptochism | undescended testicle. usually lodged in the abdomen or inguinal canal. requires surgery
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| epididymitis | inflammation of the epididymis
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| hydrocele | hernia of fluid in the testis or tubes leading from the testis
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| hypospadias | congenial opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis
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| erectile dysfunction (ED) | failure to initiate or maintain an erection. either physical or psychological dsyfunction. impotence
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| Peyronie disease | disorder characterized by a buildup of hardened fibrous tissue in the corpus cavernosum causing paoin and a defective curvature of the penis
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| phimosis | narrowed condition of the prepuce (foreskin) resulting in its inability to be drawn over the glans penis, leads to infection. commonly requires circumcision
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| benign prostatic hyperplasia/hypertrophy (BPH) | enlargement of the prostate gland; frequently seen in older men, causing urinary obstruction
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| prostate cancer | malignancy of the prostate gland
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| prostatitis | inflammation of the prostate
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| spermatocele | painless, benign cystic mass containing sperm lying above and posterior to the testicle, but separate from it
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| testicular cancer | malignant tumor in one or both testicles commonly developing from the germ cells that produce sperm--classified in two groups according to growth potential
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| seminoma | most common type of testicular tumor, composed of immature germ cells--highly treatable with early detection
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| nonseminomas | testicular tumors arising form more mature germ cells that have a tendency to be more aggressive than seminomas; often develop earlier in life
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| varicocele | enlarged, swollen, herniated veins near the testis
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| chlamydia (bacterial STD) | most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in North America. no symptoms and is treated only after it has spread
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| gonorrhea (bacterial STD) | contagious inflammation of the genital muccous membranes caused by invasion of the gonococcus
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| syphilis (bacterial STD) | infectious disease caused by a spirochete transmitted by direct intimate contact that may involve any organ or tissue over time; usually manifested first on the skin
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| hepatitis B virus (viral STD) | causes inflammation of the liver as a result of transmission through any body fluid, including vaginal secretions, semen, and blood
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| herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) (viral STD) | causes ulcer-like lesions of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa; after initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root and may recur at times of stress
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| human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (viral STD) | causes AIDS. permits various opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurological diseases; contracted through exposure to contaminated blood or body fluid
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| human papilloma virus (HPV) | transmitted by direct sexual contact. causes infection that occurs on the skin or mucous membranes of genitals. flat wart like or cauliflower appearance
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| biopsy (Bx) | tissue sampling used to identify neoplasia
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| biopsy of the prostate | needle biopsy of the prostate often performed using ultrasound guidance
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| testicular biopsy | biopsy of a testicle
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| digital rectal exam (DRE) | insertion of a finger into the male rectum to palpate the rectum and prostate
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| prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test | blood test used to screen for prostate cancer; an elevated level of the antigen indicates the possible presence of tumor
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| urethrogram | x-ray of the urethra and prostate
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| semen analysis | study of semen
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| endorectal (transrectal) sonogram of the prostate | scan of the prostate made after introducing an ultrasonic transducer into the rectum--also used to guide needle biopsy
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| circumcision | removal of the foreskin, exposing the glans penis
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| epididymectomy | removal of an epididymis
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| orchiectomy | removal of a testicle
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| orchioplasty | repair of a testicle
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| orchiopexy | fixation of an undescended testis in the scrotum
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| prostatectomy | excision of the prostate gland
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| transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) | removal of protastic gland tissue through the urethra using a resectoscope, a specialized urological endoscope. common treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia/hypertrophy (BPH)
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| vasectomy | removal of a segment of the vas deferens to produce sterility in the male
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| vasovasostomy | restoration of the function of the vas deferens to regain fertility after vasectomy
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| chemotherapy | treatment of malignancies, infections and other dieseases with chemical agents that destroy selected celss or impair their ability to reproduce
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| cancer immunotherapy | treatment of cancer by stimulating the patients own immune repsonse by transfer of immune components such as antibodies or T cells from an outside source to kill cancer cells
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| radiation therapy | treatment of neoplastic disease by using radiation to deter the proliferation of malignant cells
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| brachytherapy | radiation technique involving internal implantation of radioactive isotopes, such as radioactive seeds to treat prostate cancer
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| hormone replacement therapy (HRT) | use of a hormone to remedy a deficiency or regulate production
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| penis prosthesis | implantation of a device designed to provide an erection of the penis used to trea physical impotence
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| penile self-injection | intracavernosal injection therapy causing an erection-- used to treat ED.
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