chapter 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| atom | the smallest basic unit of matter
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| element | one particular type of atom that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance
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| compound | a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio
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| ion | an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons
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| ionic bond | a chemical bond between atoms formed through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions
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| covalent bond | a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms
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| molecule | two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
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| hydrogen bond | an attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom (often oxygen or nitrogen)
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| cohesion | the attraction among molecules of the same substance
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| adhesion | the attraction among molecules of different substances
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| solution | a mixture of substances that is the same throughout (homogeneous mixture)
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| solvent | the substance that dissolves another substance; the substance that is present in the greater amount in a solution
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| solute | a substance that is dissolved; present in a smaller amount in a solution
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| acid | a compound that releases a proton (hydrogen ion) when is dissolves in water; has a pH lower than 7
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| base | a compound that removes hydrogen ions from a solution; has a pH higher than 7
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| pH | the measurement of a concentration's acidity
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| monomer | a single subunit in a complete molecule
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| polymer | a large molecule (or macromolecule) made of many monomers bonded together
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| carbohydrate | - sugars and starches
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| - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen |
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| - Monomer =monosaccharide |
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| - quick energy; some storage |
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| - 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen; one sugar - monosaccharide; two sugars - disaccharide; many sugars - polysaccharide |
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| - test: benedict's reagent |
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| lipid | Name: fats, oil, waxes
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| Elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen |
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| Monomer: glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
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| Functions: storage, energy reserves, cell membranes |
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| Other Facts: insoluble in water, shaped life an elongated E |
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| Test: paper bag test |
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| fatty acids | chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms
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| protein | Elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
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| Monomer: amino acid |
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| Functions: basic building blocks or living material; hair, muscles, fingernails; enzymes (speed up chemical reactions); transport in cell |
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| amino acids | molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
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| nucleic acids | polymers that are made up of monomers called nucleotides
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| chemical reaction | a reaction that changes substances into other substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds
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| reactant | the substance changed during a chemical reaction
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| product | the substance made by a chemical reaction
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| bond energy | the amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms
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| equilibrium | the state that is reached when bother the reactants and products are made at the same rate
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| activation energy | the amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start
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| exothermic | the type of chemical reaction that releases more energy than is absorbs
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| endothermic | the type of chemical reaction that absorbs more energy than it releases
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| catalyst | a substance that decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction and also increases the rate of the chemical reaction
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| enzyme | the catalyst for chemical reactions in living things
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| substrate | the specific reactant that an enzyme acts on
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| inorganic compounds | compounds that are not made by living things
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| organic compounds | carbon compounds made by living things; form covalent bonds
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| macromolecules | built by linking a set of building blocks (monomers) together into long chains (a polymer)
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| monomers | basic units that repeat over and over in organic compounds
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| polymers | made up of many, many molecules all strung together to form really long chains (and sometimes more complicated structures)
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
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