OPT Bone Pathology
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| osteogenesis imperfecta | heritable CT disorders of osteopenia and bone fragility due to mutation of type I collagen
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| osteopetrosis (marble bone disease) | increase in bone density due to failure of normal osteoclasts
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| infantile osteopetrosis | presents at birth and termed {malignant osteopetrosis} due to severity; widespread osteosclerosis, marrow failure and fractures
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| intermediate osteopetrosis | less severe form of osteopetrosis with fractures by age 10, osteomyelitis for dental procedures
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| adult osteopetrosis | most common type of osteopetrosis, milder and usually not life-threatening aka {benign osteopetrosis}
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| cleidocranial dysplasia | bone pathosis caused by mutation that guides osteoblastic differentiation, chondrocytic maturation and bone formation; large head, sometimes missing clavicles, supernumerary teeth
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| focal osteoporotic marrow defect | area of hematopoietic marrow big enough to be radiolucent and can be confused with intrabony neoplasm; often in posterior mandible after extraction
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| idiopathic osteosclerosis (enostosis) | areas of sclerotic bone unrelated to disease or cancer
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| massive osteolysis (Gotham disease, vanishing bone disease) | idiopathic destruction of bone, most commonly in the jaws; large areas of radiolucency, mobile teeth, pain and malocclusion
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| Paget disease of bone (osteitis deformans) | abnormal resorption and deposition of bone resulting in distortion and weakening of bones; bone pain and increased prevalence of osteosarcomas
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| leontiasis ossea | maxillary involvement results in lion-like facial deformity
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| osteoporosis circumscripta | area of bone radiolucency that develop patchy radiopaque zones in Paget disease
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| cotton wool | pattern of bone on radiograph of radiolucencies and patches of radiopacity coalescing into large sclerosing areas; in Paget disease
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| black beard / Lincoln's sign | bone scan exhibits marked uptake from condyle to condyle in Paget disease
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| jigsaw puzzle or mosaic pattern | histologic pattern of bone with haphazard arrangement and reversal lines in Paget disease
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| central giant cell granuloma | intrabony proliferation of osteoclastic multinucleated giant cells; unclear is a reactive lesion or neoplasm
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| giant cell tumor | similar to central giant cell granuloma that occurs in long bones; high cellularity and aggressiveness
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| cherubism | autosomal dominant disorder of giant cell granulomas in posterior mandible causing large jaws in kids
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| simple bone cyst (traumatic bone cyst) | benign cavity in bone without epithelial lining, can be due to trauma or idiopathic
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| aneurysmal bone cyst | intrabony extravasation of RBCs (hematoma) surrounded by cellular fibrous connective tissue; radiolucency with cortical expansion
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| fibrous dysplasia | localized replacement of bone by cellular fibrous connective tissue and less organized bone; can occur with cafe-au-lait pigmentations and radiographs have {ground glass} appearance
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| monostotic fibrous dysplasia | involvement of fibrous dysplasia is limited to single bone without any predilections
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| Jaffe-Lichtenstein syndrome | polyostotic fibrous dysplastic lesions; late fetal mutation
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| McCune-Albright syndrome | polyostotic fibrous dysplasia with endocrine hyperfunction
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| Mazabraud syndrome | fibrous dysplasia combined with intramuscular myxomas
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| craniofacial fibrous dysplasia | maxillary fibous dysplasia lesions that cross suture lines
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| Chinese characters | histopathologic appearance of fibrous dysplasia; fibrous connective tissue mixed with curvilineartrabeculae of cellular woven bone
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| cemento-osseous dysplasia | most common fibro-osseous lesion; mixture of CT and bone in tooth-bearing areas of jaws
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| focal cemento-osseous dysplasia | 90% in females, begin as radiolucency and progress to radiopacity surrounded by radiolucent ring
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| periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia | multifocal cemento-osseous lesions in anterior mandible; in blacks and females
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| florid cemento-osseous dysplasia | similar to periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia but not restricted to the anterior mandible; in blacks and females
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| familial gigantiform cementoma | autosomal dominant disorder of disfiguring masses of fibro-osseous tissue
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| ossifying fibroma | true neoplasm of cellular fibrous CT mixed with cellular woven bone and cemental-like mineralization
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| juvenile ossifying fibroma | rapid growing ossifying fibroma in young adults
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| osteoma | benign tumor of mature compact / cancellous bone; opacity with no lucent rim
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| Gardner syndrome | autosomal dominant variant of familial adenomatous polyposis, secondary to mutation of APC gene; colon polyps and osteomas
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| osteoblastoma | true neoplasm of osteoblasts, histologically identical to cementoblastoma and often painful
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| osteioid osteoma | name for osteoblastoma under 2 cm in size
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| cementoblastoma | odontogenic tumor of cementoblasts directly attached to teeth and encased by PDL
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| chondroma | benign tumor of mature hyaline cartilage; if found in jaws, usually chondrosarcoma
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| osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma) | malignancy of mesenchymal cells that produce osteoid; sunburst pattern on occlusal radiographs
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| post-radiation osteosarcoma | follows therapeutic radiation in head and neck; usually 4-17 year latency
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| peripheral (juxtacortical) osteosarcoma | osteosarcoma that arises from the surface of bone and grows outward
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| parosteal | type of osteosarcoma with surface origin without periosteal involvement
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| periosteal | type of osteosarcoma that arises between the cortex and periosteum, elevates the periosteum
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| chondrosarcoma | malignant tumor that forms cartilage, can calcify
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| Ewing sarcoma | primary malignant tumor of bone composed of small, undifferentiated round cells in kids; frequently metastasizes to lung, liver and lymph nodes
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| metastatic carcinoma | most common form of cancer involving the bone, most commonly the vertebrae, ribs, pelvis and skull
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| numb-chin syndrome | bone metastases in mandible and alveolar canal can produce loss of sensation in lip and chin
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