chapter 10
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| diastolic phase | ventricles relax and fill with blood through the aorta
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| implantable cardioverter defibrillator | small, lightweight electronic device that is place under the skin
or muscle in either chest or abdomen to monitor heart's rhythm
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| cardiac tamponade | compression of the heart caused by the accumulation of blood or other fluid within the pericardial sac, thus preventing the ventricles from adequately filling or pumping blood
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| hypoxemia | insufficient oxygenation of arterial blood
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| palpitation | pounding or racing of the heart associated with normal emotional responses or with heart disorders
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| angina pectoris | severe pain and constriction around the heart, creating a feeling of pressure in the anterior chest
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| coarctation of the aorta | congenital heart defect characterized by a localized narrowing of the aorta
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| ascites | abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
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| arrhythmia | an deviation form the normal pattern of the heartbeat
i.e. atrial flutter, fibrillation, heart block, ventricular tachycardia
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| claudication | medical term for cramp-like pain in the calves of the legs caused by poor circulation
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| myocarditis | inflammation of the heart muscle
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| tacycardia | abnormally rapid heart rate
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| hyperlipidemia | excessive level of fats in the blood
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| secondary hypertension | hypertension as a complication of kidney disease
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| endocarditis | inflammation of the lining and valves of the heart
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| myocardial infarction | commonly known as a "heart attack"
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| patent ductus arteriosus | PDA - abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta
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| tetralogy of Fallot | congenital heart anomaly that consists of four separate defects
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| atherosclerosis | fatty deposits building up within arterial walls
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| essential hypertension | accounts for % of all hypertension
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| arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries
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| aneurysm | localized dilatation of an artery which may rupture
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| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of a vein associated with clot formation
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| varicose veins | enlarged, twisted, dilated veins with incompetent valves
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| mitral valve prolapse | click-murmur syndrome
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| ventricular tachycardia | condition in which the ventricles of the heart beat at a rate of beats per minute; characterized by three or more consecutive premature ventricular contractions
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| venous insufficiency | abnormal circulatory condition characterized by decreased return of venous blood from the legs to the trunk of the body
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| dyspnea | difficulty breathing
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| cardiomyopathy | disease of the heart muscle, primarily affecting the pumping ability of the heart
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| asystole | absence of contractions of the heart
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| percutaneous transluminal | balloon procedure
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| Holter monitoring | a continuous EKG
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| electrocardiogram | EKG - records heart electrical activity
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| directional coronary atherectomy | plaque is removed via a catheter
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| coronary bypass surgery | rerouting coronary blood flow
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| sclerotherapy | varicose vein treatment - injecting a chemical into the vein
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| echocardiography | evaluates heart structure coronary angioplasty and function
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| anastomosis | surgical joining of two blood vessels
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| Purkinje fibers | spread electrical impulse to the ventricles - part of the conduction system of the heart
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| sinoatrial node | pacemaker of the heart
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| mediastinum | where the heart is located - in the thoracic cavity between the lungs, just behind the sternum
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| precordium | area of the chest covering the heart
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| pericardium | dcuble membranous sac that encloses the heart
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| parietal pericardium | outer covering of the pericardium
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| visceral pericardium/epicardium | inner layer of the pericardium
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| pericardial cavity | small space between the parietal pericardium and the epicardium or visceral pericardium
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| three layers of the heart | epicardium (outer), myocardium (middle-muscle), endocardium (inner)
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| four chambers of the heart | right and left atria (singular: atrium) - right and left ventricles (ventricle)
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| septum | separates right and left side of the heart
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| interartrial septum | divides the walls of the left and right atria
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| interventricular septum | divides the walls of the ventricles
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| pulmonary circulation | circulation of the blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation back to the heart
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| systemic circulation | circulation of the blood from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart
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| circulation through the heart | superior/inferior vena cava-right atrium-tricuspid valve-right ventricle-pulmonary valve-pulmonary arteries-lung-pulmonary veins-left atrium-mitral (bicuspid) valve-left ventricle-aortic valve-aorta-heart and body
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| conduction system | what makes heart contract rhythmically - electric impulses move from SA node in right atrium to AV node to bundle of His to Purkinje fibers
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| arteries | large, thick-walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart
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| arterioles | smaller, thin-walled arteries
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| capillaries | minute blood vessels that allow for exchange of materials
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| venules | smallest veins transport deoxygenated blood back to heart
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| veins | transports blood from venules to heart
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| systole | contraction - forcing blood out of the heart
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| diastole | relaxation - allowing heart to refill with blood
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| blood pressure (BP) | pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries - top number is systolic - bottom diastolic 120/80
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| sphygmomanometer | BP cuff
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| anorexia | loss of appetite
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| arthralgia | joint pain
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| edema | collection of fluid within the body tissues causing swelling
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| embolus | clot or part of a clot that has dislodged from another vessel and moved into a smaller vessel
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| hypertension | high blood pressure
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| hypotension | low blood pressure
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| thrombosis | formation of a blood clot
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| pallor | lack of color/paleness
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| congestive heart failure | cardiac failure pumping ability of the heart is impaired so that it no longer meets bodily needs - weakness, breathlessness, abdominal discomfort, edema
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| coronary artery disease | narrowing of the coronary arteries - results in inadequate blood supply to myocardium
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| rheumatic fever | inflammatory disease that develops from insufficiently treated group A beta-hemolytic strep
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| Raynaud's phenomenon | initiated by exposure to cold or stress - white (pallor), blue (cyanosis), red (return of color)
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| atrial fibrillation | extremely rapid, incomplete contractions of atria - twitching
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| ventricular fibrillation | rapid, tremulous contractions of ventricles (quivering like a bowl of gelatin) - no audible heartbeat, no palpable pulse, no respiration, no blood circulation - lead to cardiac arrest
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| heart block (AV) | interference with electric impulses that control heart muscle
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| event monitor | similar to Holter but can be used for a longer period of time
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