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Science Vocab

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Term
Definition
Fossil   the preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms  
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Pangaea   the single giant landmass that existed more than 200 million years ago and that gave rise to the present day continents  
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Theory of Continental Drift   the theory, proposed by Alfred Wegener, that the continents were once joined together and have since drifted apart  
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Mid-ocean Ridge   an undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a constructive (divergent) plate boundary  
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Ocean Floor Spreading   the process in which old ocean floor is pushed away from a mid-ocean ridge by the formation of new ocean floor  
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Transform Fault   a fault that runs across a mid-ocean ridge  
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Trench   a V-shaped valley on the ocean floor where old ocean floor is subducted; a destructive (convergent) plate boundary  
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Subduction   the process in which crust plunges back into the interior of the Earth  
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Theory of Plate Tectonics   the theory that links together the ideas continental drifting and ocean floor spreading and explains how the Earth has changed over time  
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Tectonics   the branch of geology that deals with the movements that shape the Earth's crust  
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Lithosphere   the topmost solid part of the Earth, which is composed of the crust and some of the mantle  
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Divergent Boundaries   a plat boundary at which plates move apart  
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Convergent Boundaries   a plate boundary at which plates come together  
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Strike-slip Boundaries   a plate boundary at which two plates slip past one another horizontally  
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Convection Currents   a movement of materials caused by differences in temperature  
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