| Question |
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| Answer |
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| anabolism |
cells making complex molecules from simpler compounds; opposite of catabolism |
| assimilation |
when food molecules enter the cell and undergo chemical changes |
| avitaminosis |
vitamin deficiency |
| basal metabolic rate |
number of calories of heat that must be produced per hour by catabolism to keep the body alive, awake, and comfortably warm |
| calorie |
heat unit; the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 degree C |
| carbohydrate loading |
the method used by athletes to increase the stores of muscle glycogen, allowing more sustained aerobic exercise |
| catabolism |
breakdown of food compounds or cytoplasm into simpler compounds; opposite of anabolism, the other phase of metabolism |
| citric acid cycle |
the second series of chemical reactions in the process of glucose metabolism; an aerobic process; also called the Krebs cycle |
| electron transport system |
cellular process within mitochondria that transfers energy from high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to ATP molecules so that the energy is available to do work in the cell |
| glycogenesis |
formation of glycogen from glucose or from other monosaccharides, fructose, or galactose |
| glycolysis |
the first series of chemical reactions in glucose metabolism; changes glucose to pyruvic acid in a series of anaerobic reactions |
| hypervitaminosis |
condition of having too few vitamen molecules in the body for normal function |
| kilocalorie |
1000 calories |
| metabolism |
complex process by which food is used by a living organism |
| plasma protein |
any of several proteins normally found in the plasma; includes albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen |
| thermoregulation |
maintaining homeostasis of body temperature |
| total metabolic rate |
total amount of energy used by the body per day |
| vitamin |
organic molecules needed in small quantities to help enzymes operate effectively |
Beef Production
