cells making complex molecules from simpler compounds; opposite of catabolism
assimilation
when food molecules enter the cell and undergo chemical changes
avitaminosis
vitamin deficiency
basal metabolic rate
number of calories of heat that must be produced per hour by catabolism to keep the body alive, awake, and comfortably warm
calorie
heat unit; the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 degree C
carbohydrate loading
the method used by athletes to increase the stores of muscle glycogen, allowing more sustained aerobic exercise
catabolism
breakdown of food compounds or cytoplasm into simpler compounds; opposite of anabolism, the other phase of metabolism
citric acid cycle
the second series of chemical reactions in the process of glucose metabolism; an aerobic process; also called the Krebs cycle
electron transport system
cellular process within mitochondria that transfers energy from high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to ATP molecules so that the energy is available to do work in the cell
glycogenesis
formation of glycogen from glucose or from other monosaccharides, fructose, or galactose
glycolysis
the first series of chemical reactions in glucose metabolism; changes glucose to pyruvic acid in a series of anaerobic reactions
hypervitaminosis
condition of having too few vitamen molecules in the body for normal function
kilocalorie
1000 calories
metabolism
complex process by which food is used by a living organism
plasma protein
any of several proteins normally found in the plasma; includes albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen
thermoregulation
maintaining homeostasis of body temperature
total metabolic rate
total amount of energy used by the body per day
vitamin
organic molecules needed in small quantities to help enzymes operate effectively
MedTemCP5 Word+Pics
