ATI Final
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| NSAIDS | NSAIDS: Asprin2nd Gen: Celecoxib (celebrex) | decrease inflammation, pain, and fever | Inflammation, Analgesia, fever reduction, dysmenorrhea | GI discomfort, gastric ulcers, bleeding, Renal dysfunction, Salicylism, Reye Syndrome | Warfarin, Clucocorticoids, Alcohol, Ibuprofen | Take with food, milk, or fully glass of wather | Pain and inflammation
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| Antigout | Colchicine | decrease inflammation | Gout | GI toxicity | Warfarin | Pain and inflammation
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| Migrane Medications | Ergot alkaloids: Ergotamine(ergostat)Serotonin receptor agonists (Triptains): Sumatripitan (Imitrex) | prevent inflammation and dilation to intracranial blood vessels | abort acute migraine attack, prevent migraines | Ergot: GI discomfort;Ergotism, physical dependence, abortionTriptans: Chest symptoms, angina, teratogenic | Triptains with MAOI's | Avoid trigger factors. | Pain and inflammation
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| Opiod Antagonist | Naloxone (Narcan) | interfere with the action of opioids | opioid overdose, reverse effects of opioids, reversal of resp. depression in infants | tachycardia, tachypnea, abstinence syndrome | Pain and inflammation
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| Neuromusculcar Blocking Agents | Nondepolarizing: Tubocurarine (Tubarine) Depolarizing:succinylcholine (Anecitine) | Block ACh at neruomuscular junction | adjuncts to general anesthesia, diagnosis myasthenia gravis, seizure control, endotracheal intubation, endoscopy | Respiratory arrest, hypotentionSuccinylcholine: apnea, malignant hypertention, hyperkalemia | General anesthetics, Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, Cholinesterase inhibitors | continuous cardiac monitoring | Nervous system
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| Anti Parkinsons | Dopaminegrics: Levodopa (Dopar, Larodopa)Dopamine agonists: pramipexole(Mirapex)Centrally acting anticholengerics: Benztropine (congentin)Dopamine releaser (Antiviral): Amatadine (symmetrel) | block receptors | Parkinsons | Levodopa: N/V, Dyskinesias, ortho hypo, cardio effects, psychosis, discoloration of sweat and urine, activation of malignant melanomaMirapex: sleep attacks, daytime sleepiness, ortho hypo, psychosis, dyskinesias, NauseaCogentin:N/V, Atropine effects. | Levodopa: Protients,conventional0 antipsychotic agents, pyridoxine, MAOIs. Mirapex: Levodopa | effects may not be noticiable for severl weeks to months | Nervous system
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| AEDs | Barbiturates: phenobarbital (Luminal)Haydantoins:phenytoin (Dilantin)Benzodiazepines: diazepam (valium), lorazepam (Ativan)Carbamazepine (Tegretol), ethosuximide (zaronin), valproic acid (Depakote), gabapentin (Neurontin) | slow enterance of Na and Ca, suppress neruonal firing, inhibit GABA | generalized seizures, partial seziures | CNS effects,skin rash, toxicity, Cardio effects, teratogenisis, GI effects, respiratory depression | Dilaintin: OC, warfarin, glucocorticoids, alcohol, valium.Tegretol: OC, warfarin, grapefruit juice, phenytoin, phenobarbital. | use for control not cure, seizure frequency chart | Nervous system
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| Muscle relaxants and Antispasmodics | dantrolene(Dantrium) | acts directly on spastic muscles | relief of spastcity | CNS depression, hepatic toxicity, physical dependence | CNS depressants | dont stop taking medication |
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| Local Anesthetics | Amide: lidocaine (xylocaine)"cain" | decrease conduction of pain impluses | minor procedures... | CNS excitation, Hypotension, Allergic reactions, Spinal headache, urinary retention | Nervous system
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| General Inhalation Anesthetics | Halothane (fluothane)"ane" | loss of sensation, concsciousness, memory loss | Surgery, diagnosic procedures, analgesia, muscle relaxation | hypotension,resp and cardio depression, malignant hyperthermia, hepatotoxicity | CNS depressants, CNS stimulants, morphine sulfate, succinylcholine | NPO 6-8 hrs before | Nervous system
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| Antipsychotics-Conventional | Low: Chlorpromazine(thorazine)High: Haloperidol (haldol) | ihibit psychotic symptoms | schizo, bipolar, touretts, delusions, dementia, huntingotns chorea | EPS,TD, Neruoplepitc malignant syndrome, Anticholinergic effects, ortho hypo, sedation, seizures, sexual dysfunction, skin effects | Anticholingergic agents, CNS depressants, Levodopa | Nervous system
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| Antipsychotics-atypical | clozapine(clozaril) | blocks serotoin and dopamine | severe schizo, psychosis | Agranulocytosis, seizures, weight gain, inflammation of heart muscule | Immunosupressive meds | Nervous system
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| TCA | amitriptyline (Elavil) | block reuptake of norepi and serotonin--intensify effects | Depression, bipolar | ortho hypo, anticholingeric effects, sedation, cardiac toxicity, | MAOIs, Antihistamines, Epinephrine, NE, Ephedine, amphetamine, CNS depressants | effects not exprienced until 1-3 weeks | Nervous system
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| SSRIs | Fluoxeine (prozac) | block reuptake of serotoin | Depression, OCD, bulimia, panic disorders, PTSD | Sexual dysfunction, wt.gain, mental confusion, agitaion, anxiety, withdrawl syndrome, hyonatremia, rash, sleepiness | MAOIs, warfarin, Tricyclic antidepressants, NSAIDS anticoagulants, | take with food | Nervous system
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| MAOIs | Phenelzine (Nardil) | increase amount of NE and serotonin avaliable | atypical depression, bulimia, OCD | CNS stimulation, ortho hypo, hypertensive crisistrycyclic | antidepressants, SSRIs, Antihypertensives, Mepridine(Demerol), Tyramine rich foods, Vasopressors | Nervous system
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| Atypical Antidepressants | bupropion HCL (Wellbutrin) | Inhibit dopamine uptake | depression, aid to quit smoking | H/A, dry mouth, contipation, tachycardia, nausea, wt.loss, seizures | MAOIs | take daily | nervous system
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| Mood stablizers | Litium: Valproic acid(depakote), carbamazepine (tegretol) | serotoin blockade | bipolar, alcoholism, bulimia, schizo | GI effects, tremors, polyuria, renal toxicity, goiter, teratogenesis, | Diuretics, NSAIDS, Anticholinergics | monitor litium levels | Nervous system
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| Benzodiazepines | diazepam (Valium) | enhance GABA in CNS | Anxiety, seizure, insomnia, muscle sapsm, alcohol withdrawal, panic disorder | CNS depressions, paradoxical response, respiratory depression, teratogenesis, acute toxicity | CNS depressants | taper dose when D/C | Nervous system
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| Non Benzo | zolpidem (Ambien) | do ot function as muscle relaxant | insomnia | daytime sleepiness and lightheadedness | CNS depressants, food | take before bedtime | Nervous system
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| Anxiolytic-Non-Barbiturate | buspirone(BuSpar) | binds to serotoinin and dopamine receptors | GAD | CNS effects | Erythromycin, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice | take with meals | Nervous system
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| CNS Stimulant | Methylphenidate (ritalin,Concerta) | Release NE and dopamine | ADHD, Narcolepsy, Obesity | CNS stimulation, wt.loss, Cardioeffects, | MAOIs, Caffeine, Phenytoin, warfarin, OTC cold meds | dont chew or crush | Nervous system
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| Adrenergic Agonists | epinephirne (Adrenaline)Dopamine (Intropin)Dobutamine(Dobutrex) | increase HR, Contractility, rate of conduction | Tx of AV block and cardiac arrest, HF, shock, hypertenstion | Hypertensive crisis, dysrhythmias, necrosis, increase HR | MAOIs, Tricyclic antidepresants, general anthetics, alpha-adrenergic blocking agents, beta adrenergic blocking agents, diuretics | IV continuous infusion | Cardiovascular system
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| Alpha Adrenergic blockers (sympatholytics) | Prazosin(minipress) | venous and arterial dilation, smooth muscule relaxation | hypertension, BPH | First dose hypertension | Antihypertensive meds | BP,HR, take w/food, inital dose at bedtime | Cardio
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| Centrally Acting Alpha2 agonists | Clonidine(Catapress) | decrease sympathetic outflow | HTN,sever CA pain | Drowsiness, sedation, dry mouth rebound hypertension | anti HTN meds, praxosin, MAOIs, tricyclic antidepressants, CNS depressants | Cardio
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| Beta Adrenergic Blockers (sympatholytics) | Cardio selective: metoprolol (lopressor) nonselective: Propranolol (Inderal)"lol" | block beta1 adrenergic receptors | angina, HTN, dysrhythmias, MI, HF | Bradycardia, decrease CO, AV block, ortho hypo, rebound myocardium excitation, bronchoconstriction, glycogenolysis inhibited | CCB, Antihypertensive meds, insulin | dont d/c med with out dr. orders, dont crush or chew | cardio
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| ACE inhibitors | Captopril(capoten)"pril" | block the production of Ang II (vasodilation, excretion of Na and H2o and retention of K) | HF, HTN,MI, nephropathy | first dose ortho hypo, cough, hyperkalemia, rash, angioedema, neutropenia | Diuretics, antiHTN meds, K supplements, lithium, NSAIDS | 1hr before meals | cardio
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| ARBs | lorsartan (Cozaar)"artan" | blocks action of ang II | HTN, HF, MI, Stroke,nephropathy | angioedema, fetal injury | anti HTN meds | taken with or with out food | cardio
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| CCB | nifedipine (Adalat,Procradia)"ipine"verapamil (calan), diltiazem (cardizem) | vasodilation | Angina, HTN,Verapamil:dysrhythmias | reflex tachy, peripheral edema, acute toxicityverapamil: ortho hypo, constipation, suppression of cardiac function, dysrhythmias | beta blockers, grapefruit juiceverapamil: plus digoxin | IV 2-3 min | cardio
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| hypertensive crisis | Sodium nitroprusside | direct vasodilation | hypertensive emergencies, decrease bleeding | excessive hypotention, cyanie poisoning, thiocyanate poisoning, | dont mix with other medications | cardio
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| Organic Nitrates | nitroglycerine (Nitrol, Nitrostat) | angina | angina | H/A, ortho hypo, reflex tachycardia, tolerance | Alcohol, antihypertensive meds, viagra | Cardio
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| Cardiac Glycosides | digoxin (Lanoxin, lanoxicaps, digitek) | increase force of contraction, decrease HR | HF, dysrhythmias(A fib) | Dysrhythmias, bradycardia, GI effects(anorexia, N/V, abd pain) CNS effects(fatigue, weakness, vision changes) | Thiazide, ACE, ARBs, sympathomimetic meds, quinidine, verapamil | check apical pulse, same time daily, | cardio
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| statins | atorvastatin (Lipitor) | Cholesterol | hyperohlesterolemia, prevent coronary events, protect MI, raise HDL levels | hepatotoxicity, myopathy, peripheral neuropathy | fibrates, erythromycin, grapefruit juice | take with evening meal | Cardio
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| Antilipemics: fibrates | gemfibrozil (Lopid) | increase VLDL excretion, increase HDL levels | Reduction of VLDLs, increase HDL | Gall stones, myopathy,hepatotoxicity | Warfarin, statins, cholestyramine | obtain baseline cholesterol levels, take 30 min prior to meals | Cardio
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| Antilipemics-Cholesterol Absorbtion Inhibitor | ezetimibe (zetia) | absorb cholesterol | lower LDL | NONE | Cholestyramine, statins, fibrates, cyclosporine, | baseline cholesterol levels, no reguard to food | cardio
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| Antilipemics-bile-acid-sequestrants | cholestyramine (Questran) | lower LDL | Lower LDL | Constipation | digoxin, warfarin, thiazides, tetracyclines | disolve in 4oz of H2O | Cardio
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| Anticoagulants/parenteral | Heparin | prevents bleeding | DVT, DIC | Hemmorrhage, hypersensitivity reactions | anti-platelet agents | baseline vitals, monitor CBC,monitor aPPT (60-80sec) | Blood
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| Tx of Heparin overdose | Protamine Sulfate | antidote | reversal of heparin administration | IV administered slowly | Blood
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| Anticoag/Oral | Warfarin (coumadin) | prevent synthesis of coagulation factors | thrombosis | hemorrhage | heparin, aspirin, glucocorticoids, acetaminophen, foods high in vit K | vitals, monitor PT, CBC, platelet count, Hct levels | Blood
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| Warfarin overdose | Vit K(phytonadione, Aquamephyton) | promotes synthesis of coag factors | reversal of bleeding, Vit k deficiency | anaphylactoid-type reaction (flushing, hypotension, urticaria, cardio collapse) | small doses orally | Blood
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| Antiplatelets | Asprin (ecotrin) | prevent platelets from clumping together by inhibiting enzymes | MI, stroke, coronary syndromes | GI effects (bleeding), Hemorrhagic stroke | NSAIDs, Heparin, warfarin | Blood
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| Thrombolytic medications | Streptokinase (streptase) "ase" | dissolves clots that have already formed | MI, DVT, PE, ischemic stroke | bleeding, hypotension, allergic reaction | NSAIDs, Heparin, Warfarin | Blood
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| Iron Preparations | Ferrous sulfate (feosol)Iron dextran (INFeD) | provide iron | iron deficiency | GI distress, Teeth staining, Anaphylaxis | antacids, vit c | take on empty stomach, green blackish stool | blood
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| Hematopoietic groth factors | epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit) | increase production of RBC | anemia, HIV | HTN, increased risk for cardiovascular event | monitor iron levels, BP, Hgb and Hct | blood
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| Beta2-Adrenergic agonists | Albuterol (proventil, Ventolin) | activate the beta receptorsin the bronchial smooth muscle | asthma | Tachycardia, angina, tremors | beta blockers, MAOIs, tricyclic antidepressants | Respiratory
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| Methylxanthines | theophylline (Theolair) | bronchodilation | asthma | GI distress, restlessness, seizures | caffeine | Respiratory
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| Inhaled Anticholinergics | ipratropium (Atrovent) | brochodilation | brochospasm, asthma | local anticholingergic effects | Respiratory
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| Glucocorticoids | belcomethasone dipropionate (QVAR) | prevent inflammation, suppression of airway mucus, | prophylaxis of asthma, oral therapy, replacement therapy | difficulty speaking, hoarsness, candidiasis, bone loss, hyperglycemia, myopathy, peptic ulcer disease, infection, | k-depleting diuretics, NSAID | fixed schedule | Respiratory
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| Mast Cell Stabilizers | cromolyn sodium (Intal) | Anti-inflammation | chronic asthma, exercised and allergen induced asthma | take 15 min before exercise or exposure to allergen | Respiratory
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| Leukotriene Modifiers | montelukast (singulair) | suppresses inflammation, bronchoconstriction, edema, mucous production | Long term asthma | liver injury | warfarin,Theophylline | Respiratory
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| Antitussive-Opioids | Codiene | Cough suppression | for non-productive cough | CNS effects, GI distress, potiential for abuse | Respiratory
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| Mucolytics | acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) | enhance the flow of secretions in respiratory passaes | pulmonary disorders, cystic fibrosis | Aspiration, bronchospasm | odor that smells like rotten eggs, dilute medication in fruit juice | Respiratory
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| Decongestants | phenylephrine | cause reduction in inflammation | rhinitis, sinusitis | Rebound congestion, CNS stimulation, Vasoconstricion | lateral head low position when taking | Respiratory
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| High Celing Loop Diuretics | furosemide (Lasix) | prevent reaborption of H2O | Pulmonary edema, renal impairment | Dehydration, hypotension, ototoxicity, hypokalemia | Digoxin, Antihypertensives, litium, NSAIDS | daily wts | Fluids
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| Thiazide Diuretic | hydrochlorothiazide(HydroDIURIL) | block reabsorbtion of Na and Cl | essential HTN, mild-mod HF, liver and kidney disease | dehydration, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia | Digoxin, Antihypertensives, litium, | k levels, daily wts | fluids
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| K sparing diuretics | spironolactone (Aldactone) | block action of aldosterone | k sparing effects, HF | hyperkalemia, endocrine effects | ACE, K supplements | k levels, daily wts | fluids
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| osmotic diuretics | mannitol (Osmitrol) | increases blood osmolality | Renal failure, decrease ICP, IOP | HF, pulmonary edema, Renal failure, fluid and electrolyte imblalances | Fluids
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| K supplements | potassium chloride (K-Dur) | supplys K | hypokalemia | GI distress, local GI ulceration, hyperkalemia | ACE, spironolactone | NEVER GIVE IV PUSH | Fluids
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| Histamine Receptors Antagonists | ranitidine hydrochloride (Zantac) | suppress secretion of gastric acid | GERD, H.pylori, Heart burn, sour stomach | decrease libido, CNS effects | warfarin, antacids | eat 6 small meals | GI
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| Proton Pump Inhibitor | omeprazole (Prilosec) | reduce gastric acid seretion by irreversibly inhibiting enzyme | peptic ulcers, GERD, hypersecretory contitions | Ampicillin, digoxin, iron | dont crush or chew | GI
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| Antacids | aluminum hydroxide gel (Amphojel) | neutralize gastric acid and inactivate pepsin | PUD, GERD | constipation, hypophosphatemia, | warfarin, tetracycline | chew tablets then drink 8 oz of H2O or milk | GI
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| Prostaglandin E Analog | misoprostol (cytotec) | decreases acid production | long term NSAID use prevent ulcers, pregnant | diarrhea, abd pain, dysmenorrhea | GI
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| laxatives | psyllium(Metamucil)docusate sodium (Colace)bisacodyl (Dulcolax)magnesium hydroxide | softens fecal mass | constipation | GI irritation, Rectal burning sensation | milk, antacids | GI
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| Prokinetic agents | metoclopramide (Reglan) | suppress emeisis | GERD, chemo enduced Nasuea, | EPS, sedation, Diarrhea | opioids | monitor for CNS depressant | GI
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| Oral hypoglycemics-sulfonylureas | tolbutamide (orinase) glipizide (Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL) | promote insulin release | type 2 diabetes | hypoglycemia | alcohol, NSAIDs, beta blockers | exercise | Endocrine
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| Oral hypoglycemics-Biguanides | metformin HCl (Glucophage) | reduce production of glucose within liver | type 2 diabetes PCOS | GI effects, Vit B12 deficiency, lactic acidosis | Alcohol | with breakfast and dinner | Endocrine
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| Insulin Overdose | Glucagon | increases breakdown of glycogen into glucose | hypoglycemia | GI distress | Endocrine
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| Thyroid hormones | levothyroxine(Synthroid,levothriod) | synthetic form of T4 | hypothyroidism, emergency tx of myxedema coma | overmedication | binding agents, antiseizure and anti depressant, warfarin | vitals, TSH levels | Endocrine
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| Antithyroid Medications | propylthiouracil (PTU) | block synthesis of thyroid hormoones | grave's disease | overmedication, agranulocytosis | increase anticoag effects | Endocrine
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| posterior pituitary hormone | vasopressin (pitressin synthetic) | promotes reabsorption of H20 within kidneys | diabetes insipidus, used during cardiac arrest | reabsorption of too much water | Endocrine
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| Uterine stimulants | oxytocin(pitocin, syntocinon) | stimulates uterus | induction of labor, fetal stress test | uterine rupture, HTN crisis | Vasopresssors | use infusion pump, monitor for hyperstimulaion | Reproductive
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| Tocolytic medications | terbutaline sulfate (brethine) | uterine smooth muscle relaxation | delay preterm labor | tachycardia, tremors | adrenergic agonists, MAOIs, betablockers | monitor BP, frequency and duration of contractions, fetal distress | Reproductive
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| Androgens | Testosterone enanthate (Delatestryl) | promotes skeletal muscle growth | hypogonadism, delayed puberty | hepatotoxicity, cardio risk, Virilism effects | warfarin, glucocorticoids, hepatotoxic drugs | report wt. gain of >2lbs. | Reproductive
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| Estrogens | conjugated equine estrogens(Premarin) | estrogen hormones | Contraception, postmenopausal symptoms, treatment of prostate cancer | Endometrail and ovearin CA, embolic events, feminization | warfarin, phenytoin | rotate injection sites | reproductive
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| Progeterones | medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera) | induce favorable conditions for fetal growth | dysfunctional uterine bleeding, anmenorrhea, endometriosis | Breast CA, thromboembolic events, breakthrough bleeding, edema | tegretol, dilantin, rifampin | withdrawl bleeding | reproductive
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| Erectile dysfunction | sildenafil(Viagra) | augments effects of nitric oxide relase during sexual stimulation | erectile dysfunction | MI, sudden death, Priapism | organin nitrates, grapefruit juice, erthromycin | 1 hr before sexual activity | Reproductive
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| Immune Globulin | Gamma globulin, immunoglobulin G (IgG) | provide passive immunity | immunodeficiency syndrome, hep a, hep b | local reaction, systemic allergic reaction | live viruses | Immune
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| Immunostimulants | Interferon Alfa,Aldesleukin (interleukin-2) | enhance host immune responses | hairy cell leukemia, maligannt melanoma, AIDS-related kaposi's sarcoma | Flu like symptoms, bone marrow suppression, hypotension | Theophylline, Zidovudine, antihypertensives | store in fridge | Immune
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| Antihistamines | diphenhydramine (Benadryl),promethazine (phenegran), dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)2nd Gen: Loratadine (claritin), cetirizine (Zyrtec), fexofenadine (Allegra), desloratadine(Clarinex) | block of histamine release | mild allergic reactions, anaphylaxis, motion sickness, insomnia | sedation, anticholingergic effects, GI discomfort, acute toxicity | CNS depressants | Immune
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| Chemotherapy agents | cyclophosphamide(Cytoxan,Neosar)cisplatin(Planinol AQ)metotrexate(Rheumatrex, trexall)cytara bine(Cytosar-U) | destroy CA cells | CA | Bone marrow suppression, N&V, alopecia, mucosistis, reproductive toxicity, hyperuricemia | Immune
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| Penicillins | penicillin G (Bicillin LA) | weakening the bacterial cell wall | meningitis, syphilis, prophylaxis bacterial endocarditis | Allergies, renal impairment,hyperkalemia | Aminoglycosides, OC | full glass of water 1 hr before meals or 2 hr after | Infection
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| Cephalosporins | cephalexin (Keflex)cefaclor (Ceclor)ceftriaxone(Rocephin)cefepime(maxipime | destroy bacterial cell wall | UTI, postoperative infection, pelvic infection, meningitis | Allergice, bleeding, thrombophlebitis, cross allergy | disulfiram reaction, probenecid | take with food | Infection
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| Carbapenems | imipenem (Primaxin) | destroy cell wall | pneumonia, peritonitis, UTI | allergy, GI symptoms, Suprainfection | Infection
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| Monobactams | Vancomycin (Vancocin) | destroy cell wall | serious infections | ototoxicity, infusion reaction, thrombophlebitis | Infection
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| Tetracyclines | tetracycline hydrochloride (sumycin) | inhibit growth | rickettsia, acne vulgaris | GI discomfort, yellow/brown tooth discoloration, hepatotoxicity, photosensitivity, suprainfecrtion | Milk products, iron, magnesium,antacids, OC | dont give with food | Infection
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| Bacteriostatic inhibitors | erthyromycin (E-mycin) | slows growth | treat clients with penicillin allergy, whooping cough | GI discomfort, thrombophlebitis | Antihistamines, theophylline, warfarin | empty stomach | infection
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| Aminoglycosides | gentamicin (Garamycin) | disrupt protein syntesis | tapeworm | Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neuromuscular blockade | penicillin | peak and trough | infection
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| Sulfonamides and trimethoprim | trimthoprim-sulfamethoxazole(TMP-SMZ, Bactrim) | inhibit bacterial growth | UTI | hypersensitivity,blood dyscrasias, kernicterus(jaundice, increase bili), photosensitivity | warfarin, phenytoin, slufonylurea | empty stomach, full glass of water | Infection
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| Urinary Tract Antispeptics | nitrofurantoin (macrodantin) | damages DNA | UTI | GI discomfort, Hypersensitivity reactions, blood dyscrasias, peripheral neruopathy | urine will have brownish discoloration | Infection
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| Antimycobacterial(Antituberculosis) | isoniazid(INH) | ihibits growth of mycobacteria, prevents synthesis ofmycolic acid | TB | peripheral neuropathy, hepatotoxicity | phenytoin, Alcohol | empty stomach | Infection
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| Anti-hansens disease | dapsone | prevents synthesis of folic acid | treatment of hansens disease | discoloration of body fluids, hepatoxicity, mild GI discomfort | warfarin, OC,protease inhibitors | complete course | infection
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| Antiviral | acyclovir(Zovirax) | prevents reproduction of viral DNA | herpes simplex virus, HIV | phlebitis and inflammation at site, nephrotoxicity, mild GI discomfort, Granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia, reproductive toxicity | never administer bolus, IV over 1 hour | Infection
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| Fluoroquinolones | ciprofloxacin(Cipro) | inhibition of enzyme necessary for DNA replication | severe infections, resp, urinary, and GI infections | GI discomfort, Achilles tendon rupture, suprainfection, | Cationic compounds, theophylline, warfarin | Infection
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| Antiprotozoals | metronidazole(flagyl) | slows growth | peptic ulcer disease, protozoal infections | GI discomfort, metallic taste, darkening of urine, CNS symptoms | alcohol, metronidazole | complete course | infection
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| Antifungal | amphotericin B deoxycholate(fungizone) | acts on fungal cell membranes to increase cell permeability | fungal infections, dermatophytic infections | Infusion reaction, thrombophlebitis, nephrotoxicity, hypokalemia, bone marrow suppression | Aminoglycosides, flucytosine | Infection
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| Acetaminophen | acetaminophen (Tylenol) | slows production of prostaglandins | Analgesic, antipyretic | Acute toxicity | Alcohol, Warfarin | Pain and inflammation
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| Opioid Agonists | Morphine sulfate | act of mu receptors | moderate to severe pain, sedation, reduction of bowel motility, Codiene: cough suppression | Respiratory depression, constipation, orthostatic hypotention, urinary retention, sedation, biliary colic, emesis, opioid overdose triad | CNS depressants, Anticholinergic agents, MAOI's, Antihypertensives | withhold if R<12, IV slowly (4-5 min) | Pain and inflammation
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| Agonists-Antagonist Opioids | Pentazocine (Talwin) | low potential for abuse, less respiratory depression. Antagonist to mu receptors, agonist to kappa receptors | mild to moderate pain | Abstinence syndrome | NONE | withhold if R<12 | Pain and inflammation
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| Cholinesterase inhibitors | neostigmine (Prostigmin) "mine" | increase amount of ACh available at receptor sites | Myasthenia gravis, reversal of neuromuscular blocking agents | increase GI motility and secretions; Cholinergic crisis, bradycardia, urinary urgency | Atropine, tubocuraine, Succinylcholine | medical alert bracelet | Nervous system
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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