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ATI Final
| Classification | Prototype | Action | Uses | Side effects | Interactions | NI | affecting |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NSAIDS | NSAIDS: Asprin2nd Gen: Celecoxib (celebrex) | decrease inflammation, pain, and fever | Inflammation, Analgesia, fever reduction, dysmenorrhea | GI discomfort, gastric ulcers, bleeding, Renal dysfunction, Salicylism, Reye Syndrome | Warfarin, Clucocorticoids, Alcohol, Ibuprofen | Take with food, milk, or fully glass of wather | Pain and inflammation |
| Antigout | Colchicine | decrease inflammation | Gout | GI toxicity | Warfarin | Pain and inflammation | |
| Migrane Medications | Ergot alkaloids: Ergotamine(ergostat)Serotonin receptor agonists (Triptains): Sumatripitan (Imitrex) | prevent inflammation and dilation to intracranial blood vessels | abort acute migraine attack, prevent migraines | Ergot: GI discomfort;Ergotism, physical dependence, abortionTriptans: Chest symptoms, angina, teratogenic | Triptains with MAOI's | Avoid trigger factors. | Pain and inflammation |
| Opiod Antagonist | Naloxone (Narcan) | interfere with the action of opioids | opioid overdose, reverse effects of opioids, reversal of resp. depression in infants | tachycardia, tachypnea, abstinence syndrome | Pain and inflammation | ||
| Neuromusculcar Blocking Agents | Nondepolarizing: Tubocurarine (Tubarine) Depolarizing:succinylcholine (Anecitine) | Block ACh at neruomuscular junction | adjuncts to general anesthesia, diagnosis myasthenia gravis, seizure control, endotracheal intubation, endoscopy | Respiratory arrest, hypotentionSuccinylcholine: apnea, malignant hypertention, hyperkalemia | General anesthetics, Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, Cholinesterase inhibitors | continuous cardiac monitoring | Nervous system |
| Anti Parkinsons | Dopaminegrics: Levodopa (Dopar, Larodopa)Dopamine agonists: pramipexole(Mirapex)Centrally acting anticholengerics: Benztropine (congentin)Dopamine releaser (Antiviral): Amatadine (symmetrel) | block receptors | Parkinsons | Levodopa: N/V, Dyskinesias, ortho hypo, cardio effects, psychosis, discoloration of sweat and urine, activation of malignant melanomaMirapex: sleep attacks, daytime sleepiness, ortho hypo, psychosis, dyskinesias, NauseaCogentin:N/V, Atropine effects. | Levodopa: Protients,conventional0 antipsychotic agents, pyridoxine, MAOIs. Mirapex: Levodopa | effects may not be noticiable for severl weeks to months | Nervous system |
| AEDs | Barbiturates: phenobarbital (Luminal)Haydantoins:phenytoin (Dilantin)Benzodiazepines: diazepam (valium), lorazepam (Ativan)Carbamazepine (Tegretol), ethosuximide (zaronin), valproic acid (Depakote), gabapentin (Neurontin) | slow enterance of Na and Ca, suppress neruonal firing, inhibit GABA | generalized seizures, partial seziures | CNS effects,skin rash, toxicity, Cardio effects, teratogenisis, GI effects, respiratory depression | Dilaintin: OC, warfarin, glucocorticoids, alcohol, valium.Tegretol: OC, warfarin, grapefruit juice, phenytoin, phenobarbital. | use for control not cure, seizure frequency chart | Nervous system |
| Muscle relaxants and Antispasmodics | dantrolene(Dantrium) | acts directly on spastic muscles | relief of spastcity | CNS depression, hepatic toxicity, physical dependence | CNS depressants | dont stop taking medication | |
| Local Anesthetics | Amide: lidocaine (xylocaine)"cain" | decrease conduction of pain impluses | minor procedures... | CNS excitation, Hypotension, Allergic reactions, Spinal headache, urinary retention | Nervous system | ||
| General Inhalation Anesthetics | Halothane (fluothane)"ane" | loss of sensation, concsciousness, memory loss | Surgery, diagnosic procedures, analgesia, muscle relaxation | hypotension,resp and cardio depression, malignant hyperthermia, hepatotoxicity | CNS depressants, CNS stimulants, morphine sulfate, succinylcholine | NPO 6-8 hrs before | Nervous system |
| Antipsychotics-Conventional | Low: Chlorpromazine(thorazine)High: Haloperidol (haldol) | ihibit psychotic symptoms | schizo, bipolar, touretts, delusions, dementia, huntingotns chorea | EPS,TD, Neruoplepitc malignant syndrome, Anticholinergic effects, ortho hypo, sedation, seizures, sexual dysfunction, skin effects | Anticholingergic agents, CNS depressants, Levodopa | Nervous system | |
| Antipsychotics-atypical | clozapine(clozaril) | blocks serotoin and dopamine | severe schizo, psychosis | Agranulocytosis, seizures, weight gain, inflammation of heart muscule | Immunosupressive meds | Nervous system | |
| TCA | amitriptyline (Elavil) | block reuptake of norepi and serotonin--intensify effects | Depression, bipolar | ortho hypo, anticholingeric effects, sedation, cardiac toxicity, | MAOIs, Antihistamines, Epinephrine, NE, Ephedine, amphetamine, CNS depressants | effects not exprienced until 1-3 weeks | Nervous system |
| SSRIs | Fluoxeine (prozac) | block reuptake of serotoin | Depression, OCD, bulimia, panic disorders, PTSD | Sexual dysfunction, wt.gain, mental confusion, agitaion, anxiety, withdrawl syndrome, hyonatremia, rash, sleepiness | MAOIs, warfarin, Tricyclic antidepressants, NSAIDS anticoagulants, | take with food | Nervous system |
| MAOIs | Phenelzine (Nardil) | increase amount of NE and serotonin avaliable | atypical depression, bulimia, OCD | CNS stimulation, ortho hypo, hypertensive crisistrycyclic | antidepressants, SSRIs, Antihypertensives, Mepridine(Demerol), Tyramine rich foods, Vasopressors | Nervous system | |
| Atypical Antidepressants | bupropion HCL (Wellbutrin) | Inhibit dopamine uptake | depression, aid to quit smoking | H/A, dry mouth, contipation, tachycardia, nausea, wt.loss, seizures | MAOIs | take daily | nervous system |
| Mood stablizers | Litium: Valproic acid(depakote), carbamazepine (tegretol) | serotoin blockade | bipolar, alcoholism, bulimia, schizo | GI effects, tremors, polyuria, renal toxicity, goiter, teratogenesis, | Diuretics, NSAIDS, Anticholinergics | monitor litium levels | Nervous system |
| Benzodiazepines | diazepam (Valium) | enhance GABA in CNS | Anxiety, seizure, insomnia, muscle sapsm, alcohol withdrawal, panic disorder | CNS depressions, paradoxical response, respiratory depression, teratogenesis, acute toxicity | CNS depressants | taper dose when D/C | Nervous system |
| Non Benzo | zolpidem (Ambien) | do ot function as muscle relaxant | insomnia | daytime sleepiness and lightheadedness | CNS depressants, food | take before bedtime | Nervous system |
| Anxiolytic-Non-Barbiturate | buspirone(BuSpar) | binds to serotoinin and dopamine receptors | GAD | CNS effects | Erythromycin, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice | take with meals | Nervous system |
| CNS Stimulant | Methylphenidate (ritalin,Concerta) | Release NE and dopamine | ADHD, Narcolepsy, Obesity | CNS stimulation, wt.loss, Cardioeffects, | MAOIs, Caffeine, Phenytoin, warfarin, OTC cold meds | dont chew or crush | Nervous system |
| Adrenergic Agonists | epinephirne (Adrenaline)Dopamine (Intropin)Dobutamine(Dobutrex) | increase HR, Contractility, rate of conduction | Tx of AV block and cardiac arrest, HF, shock, hypertenstion | Hypertensive crisis, dysrhythmias, necrosis, increase HR | MAOIs, Tricyclic antidepresants, general anthetics, alpha-adrenergic blocking agents, beta adrenergic blocking agents, diuretics | IV continuous infusion | Cardiovascular system |
| Alpha Adrenergic blockers (sympatholytics) | Prazosin(minipress) | venous and arterial dilation, smooth muscule relaxation | hypertension, BPH | First dose hypertension | Antihypertensive meds | BP,HR, take w/food, inital dose at bedtime | Cardio |
| Centrally Acting Alpha2 agonists | Clonidine(Catapress) | decrease sympathetic outflow | HTN,sever CA pain | Drowsiness, sedation, dry mouth rebound hypertension | anti HTN meds, praxosin, MAOIs, tricyclic antidepressants, CNS depressants | Cardio | |
| Beta Adrenergic Blockers (sympatholytics) | Cardio selective: metoprolol (lopressor) nonselective: Propranolol (Inderal)"lol" | block beta1 adrenergic receptors | angina, HTN, dysrhythmias, MI, HF | Bradycardia, decrease CO, AV block, ortho hypo, rebound myocardium excitation, bronchoconstriction, glycogenolysis inhibited | CCB, Antihypertensive meds, insulin | dont d/c med with out dr. orders, dont crush or chew | cardio |
| ACE inhibitors | Captopril(capoten)"pril" | block the production of Ang II (vasodilation, excretion of Na and H2o and retention of K) | HF, HTN,MI, nephropathy | first dose ortho hypo, cough, hyperkalemia, rash, angioedema, neutropenia | Diuretics, antiHTN meds, K supplements, lithium, NSAIDS | 1hr before meals | cardio |
| ARBs | lorsartan (Cozaar)"artan" | blocks action of ang II | HTN, HF, MI, Stroke,nephropathy | angioedema, fetal injury | anti HTN meds | taken with or with out food | cardio |
| CCB | nifedipine (Adalat,Procradia)"ipine"verapamil (calan), diltiazem (cardizem) | vasodilation | Angina, HTN,Verapamil:dysrhythmias | reflex tachy, peripheral edema, acute toxicityverapamil: ortho hypo, constipation, suppression of cardiac function, dysrhythmias | beta blockers, grapefruit juiceverapamil: plus digoxin | IV 2-3 min | cardio |
| hypertensive crisis | Sodium nitroprusside | direct vasodilation | hypertensive emergencies, decrease bleeding | excessive hypotention, cyanie poisoning, thiocyanate poisoning, | dont mix with other medications | cardio | |
| Organic Nitrates | nitroglycerine (Nitrol, Nitrostat) | angina | angina | H/A, ortho hypo, reflex tachycardia, tolerance | Alcohol, antihypertensive meds, viagra | Cardio | |
| Cardiac Glycosides | digoxin (Lanoxin, lanoxicaps, digitek) | increase force of contraction, decrease HR | HF, dysrhythmias(A fib) | Dysrhythmias, bradycardia, GI effects(anorexia, N/V, abd pain) CNS effects(fatigue, weakness, vision changes) | Thiazide, ACE, ARBs, sympathomimetic meds, quinidine, verapamil | check apical pulse, same time daily, | cardio |
| statins | atorvastatin (Lipitor) | Cholesterol | hyperohlesterolemia, prevent coronary events, protect MI, raise HDL levels | hepatotoxicity, myopathy, peripheral neuropathy | fibrates, erythromycin, grapefruit juice | take with evening meal | Cardio |
| Antilipemics: fibrates | gemfibrozil (Lopid) | increase VLDL excretion, increase HDL levels | Reduction of VLDLs, increase HDL | Gall stones, myopathy,hepatotoxicity | Warfarin, statins, cholestyramine | obtain baseline cholesterol levels, take 30 min prior to meals | Cardio |
| Antilipemics-Cholesterol Absorbtion Inhibitor | ezetimibe (zetia) | absorb cholesterol | lower LDL | NONE | Cholestyramine, statins, fibrates, cyclosporine, | baseline cholesterol levels, no reguard to food | cardio |
| Antilipemics-bile-acid-sequestrants | cholestyramine (Questran) | lower LDL | Lower LDL | Constipation | digoxin, warfarin, thiazides, tetracyclines | disolve in 4oz of H2O | Cardio |
| Anticoagulants/parenteral | Heparin | prevents bleeding | DVT, DIC | Hemmorrhage, hypersensitivity reactions | anti-platelet agents | baseline vitals, monitor CBC,monitor aPPT (60-80sec) | Blood |
| Tx of Heparin overdose | Protamine Sulfate | antidote | reversal of heparin administration | IV administered slowly | Blood | ||
| Anticoag/Oral | Warfarin (coumadin) | prevent synthesis of coagulation factors | thrombosis | hemorrhage | heparin, aspirin, glucocorticoids, acetaminophen, foods high in vit K | vitals, monitor PT, CBC, platelet count, Hct levels | Blood |
| Warfarin overdose | Vit K(phytonadione, Aquamephyton) | promotes synthesis of coag factors | reversal of bleeding, Vit k deficiency | anaphylactoid-type reaction (flushing, hypotension, urticaria, cardio collapse) | small doses orally | Blood | |
| Antiplatelets | Asprin (ecotrin) | prevent platelets from clumping together by inhibiting enzymes | MI, stroke, coronary syndromes | GI effects (bleeding), Hemorrhagic stroke | NSAIDs, Heparin, warfarin | Blood | |
| Thrombolytic medications | Streptokinase (streptase) "ase" | dissolves clots that have already formed | MI, DVT, PE, ischemic stroke | bleeding, hypotension, allergic reaction | NSAIDs, Heparin, Warfarin | Blood | |
| Iron Preparations | Ferrous sulfate (feosol)Iron dextran (INFeD) | provide iron | iron deficiency | GI distress, Teeth staining, Anaphylaxis | antacids, vit c | take on empty stomach, green blackish stool | blood |
| Hematopoietic groth factors | epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit) | increase production of RBC | anemia, HIV | HTN, increased risk for cardiovascular event | monitor iron levels, BP, Hgb and Hct | blood | |
| Beta2-Adrenergic agonists | Albuterol (proventil, Ventolin) | activate the beta receptorsin the bronchial smooth muscle | asthma | Tachycardia, angina, tremors | beta blockers, MAOIs, tricyclic antidepressants | Respiratory | |
| Methylxanthines | theophylline (Theolair) | bronchodilation | asthma | GI distress, restlessness, seizures | caffeine | Respiratory | |
| Inhaled Anticholinergics | ipratropium (Atrovent) | brochodilation | brochospasm, asthma | local anticholingergic effects | Respiratory | ||
| Glucocorticoids | belcomethasone dipropionate (QVAR) | prevent inflammation, suppression of airway mucus, | prophylaxis of asthma, oral therapy, replacement therapy | difficulty speaking, hoarsness, candidiasis, bone loss, hyperglycemia, myopathy, peptic ulcer disease, infection, | k-depleting diuretics, NSAID | fixed schedule | Respiratory |
| Mast Cell Stabilizers | cromolyn sodium (Intal) | Anti-inflammation | chronic asthma, exercised and allergen induced asthma | take 15 min before exercise or exposure to allergen | Respiratory | ||
| Leukotriene Modifiers | montelukast (singulair) | suppresses inflammation, bronchoconstriction, edema, mucous production | Long term asthma | liver injury | warfarin,Theophylline | Respiratory | |
| Antitussive-Opioids | Codiene | Cough suppression | for non-productive cough | CNS effects, GI distress, potiential for abuse | Respiratory | ||
| Mucolytics | acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) | enhance the flow of secretions in respiratory passaes | pulmonary disorders, cystic fibrosis | Aspiration, bronchospasm | odor that smells like rotten eggs, dilute medication in fruit juice | Respiratory | |
| Decongestants | phenylephrine | cause reduction in inflammation | rhinitis, sinusitis | Rebound congestion, CNS stimulation, Vasoconstricion | lateral head low position when taking | Respiratory | |
| High Celing Loop Diuretics | furosemide (Lasix) | prevent reaborption of H2O | Pulmonary edema, renal impairment | Dehydration, hypotension, ototoxicity, hypokalemia | Digoxin, Antihypertensives, litium, NSAIDS | daily wts | Fluids |
| Thiazide Diuretic | hydrochlorothiazide(HydroDIURIL) | block reabsorbtion of Na and Cl | essential HTN, mild-mod HF, liver and kidney disease | dehydration, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia | Digoxin, Antihypertensives, litium, | k levels, daily wts | fluids |
| K sparing diuretics | spironolactone (Aldactone) | block action of aldosterone | k sparing effects, HF | hyperkalemia, endocrine effects | ACE, K supplements | k levels, daily wts | fluids |
| osmotic diuretics | mannitol (Osmitrol) | increases blood osmolality | Renal failure, decrease ICP, IOP | HF, pulmonary edema, Renal failure, fluid and electrolyte imblalances | Fluids | ||
| K supplements | potassium chloride (K-Dur) | supplys K | hypokalemia | GI distress, local GI ulceration, hyperkalemia | ACE, spironolactone | NEVER GIVE IV PUSH | Fluids |
| Histamine Receptors Antagonists | ranitidine hydrochloride (Zantac) | suppress secretion of gastric acid | GERD, H.pylori, Heart burn, sour stomach | decrease libido, CNS effects | warfarin, antacids | eat 6 small meals | GI |
| Proton Pump Inhibitor | omeprazole (Prilosec) | reduce gastric acid seretion by irreversibly inhibiting enzyme | peptic ulcers, GERD, hypersecretory contitions | Ampicillin, digoxin, iron | dont crush or chew | GI | |
| Antacids | aluminum hydroxide gel (Amphojel) | neutralize gastric acid and inactivate pepsin | PUD, GERD | constipation, hypophosphatemia, | warfarin, tetracycline | chew tablets then drink 8 oz of H2O or milk | GI |
| Prostaglandin E Analog | misoprostol (cytotec) | decreases acid production | long term NSAID use prevent ulcers, pregnant | diarrhea, abd pain, dysmenorrhea | GI | ||
| laxatives | psyllium(Metamucil)docusate sodium (Colace)bisacodyl (Dulcolax)magnesium hydroxide | softens fecal mass | constipation | GI irritation, Rectal burning sensation | milk, antacids | GI | |
| Prokinetic agents | metoclopramide (Reglan) | suppress emeisis | GERD, chemo enduced Nasuea, | EPS, sedation, Diarrhea | opioids | monitor for CNS depressant | GI |
| Oral hypoglycemics-sulfonylureas | tolbutamide (orinase) glipizide (Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL) | promote insulin release | type 2 diabetes | hypoglycemia | alcohol, NSAIDs, beta blockers | exercise | Endocrine |
| Oral hypoglycemics-Biguanides | metformin HCl (Glucophage) | reduce production of glucose within liver | type 2 diabetes PCOS | GI effects, Vit B12 deficiency, lactic acidosis | Alcohol | with breakfast and dinner | Endocrine |
| Insulin Overdose | Glucagon | increases breakdown of glycogen into glucose | hypoglycemia | GI distress | Endocrine | ||
| Thyroid hormones | levothyroxine(Synthroid,levothriod) | synthetic form of T4 | hypothyroidism, emergency tx of myxedema coma | overmedication | binding agents, antiseizure and anti depressant, warfarin | vitals, TSH levels | Endocrine |
| Antithyroid Medications | propylthiouracil (PTU) | block synthesis of thyroid hormoones | grave's disease | overmedication, agranulocytosis | increase anticoag effects | Endocrine | |
| posterior pituitary hormone | vasopressin (pitressin synthetic) | promotes reabsorption of H20 within kidneys | diabetes insipidus, used during cardiac arrest | reabsorption of too much water | Endocrine | ||
| Uterine stimulants | oxytocin(pitocin, syntocinon) | stimulates uterus | induction of labor, fetal stress test | uterine rupture, HTN crisis | Vasopresssors | use infusion pump, monitor for hyperstimulaion | Reproductive |
| Tocolytic medications | terbutaline sulfate (brethine) | uterine smooth muscle relaxation | delay preterm labor | tachycardia, tremors | adrenergic agonists, MAOIs, betablockers | monitor BP, frequency and duration of contractions, fetal distress | Reproductive |
| Androgens | Testosterone enanthate (Delatestryl) | promotes skeletal muscle growth | hypogonadism, delayed puberty | hepatotoxicity, cardio risk, Virilism effects | warfarin, glucocorticoids, hepatotoxic drugs | report wt. gain of >2lbs. | Reproductive |
| Estrogens | conjugated equine estrogens(Premarin) | estrogen hormones | Contraception, postmenopausal symptoms, treatment of prostate cancer | Endometrail and ovearin CA, embolic events, feminization | warfarin, phenytoin | rotate injection sites | reproductive |
| Progeterones | medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera) | induce favorable conditions for fetal growth | dysfunctional uterine bleeding, anmenorrhea, endometriosis | Breast CA, thromboembolic events, breakthrough bleeding, edema | tegretol, dilantin, rifampin | withdrawl bleeding | reproductive |
| Erectile dysfunction | sildenafil(Viagra) | augments effects of nitric oxide relase during sexual stimulation | erectile dysfunction | MI, sudden death, Priapism | organin nitrates, grapefruit juice, erthromycin | 1 hr before sexual activity | Reproductive |
| Immune Globulin | Gamma globulin, immunoglobulin G (IgG) | provide passive immunity | immunodeficiency syndrome, hep a, hep b | local reaction, systemic allergic reaction | live viruses | Immune | |
| Immunostimulants | Interferon Alfa,Aldesleukin (interleukin-2) | enhance host immune responses | hairy cell leukemia, maligannt melanoma, AIDS-related kaposi's sarcoma | Flu like symptoms, bone marrow suppression, hypotension | Theophylline, Zidovudine, antihypertensives | store in fridge | Immune |
| Antihistamines | diphenhydramine (Benadryl),promethazine (phenegran), dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)2nd Gen: Loratadine (claritin), cetirizine (Zyrtec), fexofenadine (Allegra), desloratadine(Clarinex) | block of histamine release | mild allergic reactions, anaphylaxis, motion sickness, insomnia | sedation, anticholingergic effects, GI discomfort, acute toxicity | CNS depressants | Immune | |
| Chemotherapy agents | cyclophosphamide(Cytoxan,Neosar)cisplatin(Planinol AQ)metotrexate(Rheumatrex, trexall)cytara bine(Cytosar-U) | destroy CA cells | CA | Bone marrow suppression, N&V, alopecia, mucosistis, reproductive toxicity, hyperuricemia | Immune | ||
| Penicillins | penicillin G (Bicillin LA) | weakening the bacterial cell wall | meningitis, syphilis, prophylaxis bacterial endocarditis | Allergies, renal impairment,hyperkalemia | Aminoglycosides, OC | full glass of water 1 hr before meals or 2 hr after | Infection |
| Cephalosporins | cephalexin (Keflex)cefaclor (Ceclor)ceftriaxone(Rocephin)cefepime(maxipime | destroy bacterial cell wall | UTI, postoperative infection, pelvic infection, meningitis | Allergice, bleeding, thrombophlebitis, cross allergy | disulfiram reaction, probenecid | take with food | Infection |
| Carbapenems | imipenem (Primaxin) | destroy cell wall | pneumonia, peritonitis, UTI | allergy, GI symptoms, Suprainfection | Infection | ||
| Monobactams | Vancomycin (Vancocin) | destroy cell wall | serious infections | ototoxicity, infusion reaction, thrombophlebitis | Infection | ||
| Tetracyclines | tetracycline hydrochloride (sumycin) | inhibit growth | rickettsia, acne vulgaris | GI discomfort, yellow/brown tooth discoloration, hepatotoxicity, photosensitivity, suprainfecrtion | Milk products, iron, magnesium,antacids, OC | dont give with food | Infection |
| Bacteriostatic inhibitors | erthyromycin (E-mycin) | slows growth | treat clients with penicillin allergy, whooping cough | GI discomfort, thrombophlebitis | Antihistamines, theophylline, warfarin | empty stomach | infection |
| Aminoglycosides | gentamicin (Garamycin) | disrupt protein syntesis | tapeworm | Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neuromuscular blockade | penicillin | peak and trough | infection |
| Sulfonamides and trimethoprim | trimthoprim-sulfamethoxazole(TMP-SMZ, Bactrim) | inhibit bacterial growth | UTI | hypersensitivity,blood dyscrasias, kernicterus(jaundice, increase bili), photosensitivity | warfarin, phenytoin, slufonylurea | empty stomach, full glass of water | Infection |
| Urinary Tract Antispeptics | nitrofurantoin (macrodantin) | damages DNA | UTI | GI discomfort, Hypersensitivity reactions, blood dyscrasias, peripheral neruopathy | urine will have brownish discoloration | Infection | |
| Antimycobacterial(Antituberculosis) | isoniazid(INH) | ihibits growth of mycobacteria, prevents synthesis ofmycolic acid | TB | peripheral neuropathy, hepatotoxicity | phenytoin, Alcohol | empty stomach | Infection |
| Anti-hansens disease | dapsone | prevents synthesis of folic acid | treatment of hansens disease | discoloration of body fluids, hepatoxicity, mild GI discomfort | warfarin, OC,protease inhibitors | complete course | infection |
| Antiviral | acyclovir(Zovirax) | prevents reproduction of viral DNA | herpes simplex virus, HIV | phlebitis and inflammation at site, nephrotoxicity, mild GI discomfort, Granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia, reproductive toxicity | never administer bolus, IV over 1 hour | Infection | |
| Fluoroquinolones | ciprofloxacin(Cipro) | inhibition of enzyme necessary for DNA replication | severe infections, resp, urinary, and GI infections | GI discomfort, Achilles tendon rupture, suprainfection, | Cationic compounds, theophylline, warfarin | Infection | |
| Antiprotozoals | metronidazole(flagyl) | slows growth | peptic ulcer disease, protozoal infections | GI discomfort, metallic taste, darkening of urine, CNS symptoms | alcohol, metronidazole | complete course | infection |
| Antifungal | amphotericin B deoxycholate(fungizone) | acts on fungal cell membranes to increase cell permeability | fungal infections, dermatophytic infections | Infusion reaction, thrombophlebitis, nephrotoxicity, hypokalemia, bone marrow suppression | Aminoglycosides, flucytosine | Infection | |
| Acetaminophen | acetaminophen (Tylenol) | slows production of prostaglandins | Analgesic, antipyretic | Acute toxicity | Alcohol, Warfarin | Pain and inflammation | |
| Opioid Agonists | Morphine sulfate | act of mu receptors | moderate to severe pain, sedation, reduction of bowel motility, Codiene: cough suppression | Respiratory depression, constipation, orthostatic hypotention, urinary retention, sedation, biliary colic, emesis, opioid overdose triad | CNS depressants, Anticholinergic agents, MAOI's, Antihypertensives | withhold if R<12, IV slowly (4-5 min) | Pain and inflammation |
| Agonists-Antagonist Opioids | Pentazocine (Talwin) | low potential for abuse, less respiratory depression. Antagonist to mu receptors, agonist to kappa receptors | mild to moderate pain | Abstinence syndrome | NONE | withhold if R<12 | Pain and inflammation |
| Cholinesterase inhibitors | neostigmine (Prostigmin) "mine" | increase amount of ACh available at receptor sites | Myasthenia gravis, reversal of neuromuscular blocking agents | increase GI motility and secretions; Cholinergic crisis, bradycardia, urinary urgency | Atropine, tubocuraine, Succinylcholine | medical alert bracelet | Nervous system |
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