Earthquakes/Volcanoe
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| earthquake | the shaking and trembling that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface
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| deformation | the change in the shape or volume of the crust
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| shearing | pushes a mass of rock in 2 opposite directions
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| fault | a break in Earth's crust where slabs of crust slip past each other
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| strike slip fault | the rocks on either side of the fault slide past each other sideways with little up-or-down motion, caused by shearing
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| normal fault | one block of rock lies above the fault while the other block lies below it, caused by tension
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| reverse fault | the hanging wall slide upward past the footwall, caused by compression
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| folds | a bend in rock that forms when compression shortens and thickens part of the crust
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| anticline | a fold that bends upwards in an arch
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| syncline | a fold that bends downward in the middle to form a bowl
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| plateau | a large area of flat land elevated high above sea level
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| focus | the point beneath Earth's surface where rock that is under stress breaks, triggering an earthquake
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| epicenter | the point on the surface directly above the focus
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| seismic waves | vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake
travels outward in all directions from the focus
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| seismograph | detects seismic waves by recording ground movements
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| volcano | a weak spot in the crust where molten material, or magma, comes to the surface
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| magma | a molten mixture of rock forming substances, gasses and water from the mantle
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| lava | magma that reaches the surface
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| ring of fire | a major volcanic belt, formed by the many volcanoes that rim the Pacific Ocean
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| hot spot | an area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust like a blow torch, often lie in the middle of continental or oceanic plates, far from any plate boundaries
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| magma chamber | magma that collects in a pocket inside a volcano
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| crater | a bowl-shaped area around a volcano's central vent where lava may collect
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| dormant | a volcano that is not active now but my become active again the in the future
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| geyser | a fountain of water and steam that erupts from the ground
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| pahoehoe | hot, fast moving lava
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| aa | cooler, slow moving lava
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| shield volcano | forms when thin layers of lava pour out of a vent and harden on top of previous layers, this gradually builds a wide, gently sloping mountain
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| caldera | the huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain, the hole is filled with the places of the volcano that have fallen inward, as well as some lava and ash
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| volcanic neck | forms when magma hardens in a volcano's pipe
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| batholith | formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust; large rock masses that forms the core of many mountain ranges
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Created by:
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