host defense 4/21 innate immunity
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| the rsistance to infection and disease | immunity
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| although immunity can be though af being maintained by an __ is is actuality dependent on other structures | immune system
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| immune mechanisms are divided into to categories | innate (non specific) and adaptive/acquired (specific immunity)
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| the ability to resis infection and disease that is built in or present at birth | innate immunity
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| aquired immunity involves some thype of interaction with an external agen called an | antigen
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| __ provied defense against diff types of pahtogens as it is non specific | innate
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| __ provied the first line of defense againset pathogens | skin and mucous membranes
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| __ cover the external surfaces of our bodies and connects with mucous membranes in oral and anal openings | dry skin
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| __ cover the internal surfaces of our bodies | mucous membranes
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| skin and mucous membranes provide both __ and __ barries against pathogens | mechanical (physical) and chemical barries
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| __ is composed of epithelial cells supported by a dermis | epidermis
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| __ is a layer of dense connective tissue | dermis
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| ___ is composed of stratified squamous epithelium | epidermis
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| cells at skin surgace are highly ___ | keratinized
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| __ means having high levels of keratin protens | keratinized
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| ___ are insoluble fibrouse proteins that help make the skin surface agains mechanical barries | keratin proteins
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| cells at skin surface are ___ so the are constantly taking microoraganisms with them | dead and being shed
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| the dermis forms a ____ like barrier that is hard to penetrate | tough lether like barrier
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| __ is a long fibrous protein the breat tensil strenght and is part of the dermis | collagen
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| skin surface is __ due to evaporation of water | salty
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| salk in association with keratin makes the skin surface __ | hypertonic
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| skin surface is often __ with a pH of 5.5 | acidic
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| __ and __ produced by sevaceous glands help waterproof skin | oils and waxes
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| mucous membrances are coverd with a thick sticky material called | mucus
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| repiratory epithelium is __ and the __ sweep pathogens trapped in mucus up and out | ciliated and cilia
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| secreations associated with moist surfaces contain __ enzymes | lysozyme enzymes
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| lysozyme enzymes kills Gram + cells bye causeing | hydrolysis of peptidoglycan
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| lysozyme also acts as an __ making particles more attractive to phagocytes | opsonin
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| mucous membranes are equipped with antibodies in the isotype __ | IgA
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| __ care capable of binding with and immobilizing pathogens, causing opsonization or neutralizaing toix bacterial products | isotype IgA
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| phagocytic WBC include | monocytes and neutrophiles
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| large agranular leukocytes forming 3-8% WBC circulation | monocytes
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| monocytes are produced by bone marrow stem cells called | monoblasts
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| monocytes pass through vessel walls by a process called | diapediesis
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| monocytes within the tissues are then referred to as __ or __ | histiocytes or macrophages
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| monocytest entering the liver are called | Kupffer cells
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| monocytes entering lymphatic tissues are then called | dendritic macrophages
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| monocytes consume particles coated with ___ | opsonizing proteins (compliment factors, antibiodies)
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| monocytes can recognie certain pathogens by means of __ on their cell surfaces | pattern recognition receptors
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| fallowing phagocytosis materials are digested within __ by enzymes supplied by lysosome | phagosomes or food cacules
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| a condition of having high # of monocytes in bloodstream | monocytosis
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| monocytes then to increan in number during | chronic infections and stress respponses
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| neutrophiles aka | polymophonuclear leukocytes
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| medium sized granular leukocytes forming 70% of WBC circulating | neutrophils
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| neutrophils display ___ within tissues | positive chemotaxis
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| neutrophils are attracted by what 3 chemicals | interleukins-8, gamma interferon and compliment C5a
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| __ have a half life of 4-10 hours in the bloodstream and 1-2 days in tissues | neutrophils
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| an increas in the number due to acute bacterial infection or inflammatory responses | neutrophilia
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