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micro lecture innate
host defense 4/21 innate immunity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the rsistance to infection and disease | immunity |
| although immunity can be though af being maintained by an __ is is actuality dependent on other structures | immune system |
| immune mechanisms are divided into to categories | innate (non specific) and adaptive/acquired (specific immunity) |
| the ability to resis infection and disease that is built in or present at birth | innate immunity |
| aquired immunity involves some thype of interaction with an external agen called an | antigen |
| __ provied defense against diff types of pahtogens as it is non specific | innate |
| __ provied the first line of defense againset pathogens | skin and mucous membranes |
| __ cover the external surfaces of our bodies and connects with mucous membranes in oral and anal openings | dry skin |
| __ cover the internal surfaces of our bodies | mucous membranes |
| skin and mucous membranes provide both __ and __ barries against pathogens | mechanical (physical) and chemical barries |
| __ is composed of epithelial cells supported by a dermis | epidermis |
| __ is a layer of dense connective tissue | dermis |
| ___ is composed of stratified squamous epithelium | epidermis |
| cells at skin surgace are highly ___ | keratinized |
| __ means having high levels of keratin protens | keratinized |
| ___ are insoluble fibrouse proteins that help make the skin surface agains mechanical barries | keratin proteins |
| cells at skin surface are ___ so the are constantly taking microoraganisms with them | dead and being shed |
| the dermis forms a ____ like barrier that is hard to penetrate | tough lether like barrier |
| __ is a long fibrous protein the breat tensil strenght and is part of the dermis | collagen |
| skin surface is __ due to evaporation of water | salty |
| salk in association with keratin makes the skin surface __ | hypertonic |
| skin surface is often __ with a pH of 5.5 | acidic |
| __ and __ produced by sevaceous glands help waterproof skin | oils and waxes |
| mucous membrances are coverd with a thick sticky material called | mucus |
| repiratory epithelium is __ and the __ sweep pathogens trapped in mucus up and out | ciliated and cilia |
| secreations associated with moist surfaces contain __ enzymes | lysozyme enzymes |
| lysozyme enzymes kills Gram + cells bye causeing | hydrolysis of peptidoglycan |
| lysozyme also acts as an __ making particles more attractive to phagocytes | opsonin |
| mucous membranes are equipped with antibodies in the isotype __ | IgA |
| __ care capable of binding with and immobilizing pathogens, causing opsonization or neutralizaing toix bacterial products | isotype IgA |
| phagocytic WBC include | monocytes and neutrophiles |
| large agranular leukocytes forming 3-8% WBC circulation | monocytes |
| monocytes are produced by bone marrow stem cells called | monoblasts |
| monocytes pass through vessel walls by a process called | diapediesis |
| monocytes within the tissues are then referred to as __ or __ | histiocytes or macrophages |
| monocytest entering the liver are called | Kupffer cells |
| monocytes entering lymphatic tissues are then called | dendritic macrophages |
| monocytes consume particles coated with ___ | opsonizing proteins (compliment factors, antibiodies) |
| monocytes can recognie certain pathogens by means of __ on their cell surfaces | pattern recognition receptors |
| fallowing phagocytosis materials are digested within __ by enzymes supplied by lysosome | phagosomes or food cacules |
| a condition of having high # of monocytes in bloodstream | monocytosis |
| monocytes then to increan in number during | chronic infections and stress respponses |
| neutrophiles aka | polymophonuclear leukocytes |
| medium sized granular leukocytes forming 70% of WBC circulating | neutrophils |
| neutrophils display ___ within tissues | positive chemotaxis |
| neutrophils are attracted by what 3 chemicals | interleukins-8, gamma interferon and compliment C5a |
| __ have a half life of 4-10 hours in the bloodstream and 1-2 days in tissues | neutrophils |
| an increas in the number due to acute bacterial infection or inflammatory responses | neutrophilia |
Created by:
JohnPink