ch. 10 terms
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| Agribusiness | Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.
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| Agriculture | The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.
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| Cereal Grain | A grass yielding grain for food
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| Chaff | Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing.
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| Combine | A machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field.
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| Commercial agriculture | Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.
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| Coop | Grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season.
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| Crop rotation | The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.
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| Desertification | De gradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.
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| Double Cropping | Harvesting twice a year from the same field.
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| Grain | Seed of a cereal grass
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| Green Revolution | Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.
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| Horticulture | The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
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| Hull | The outer covering of a seed.
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| Intensive Subsistence agriculture | A form of substance agriculture in which farmers must expand a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.
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| Milkshed | The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.
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| Paddy | Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah.
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| Pasture | Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing.
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| Plantation | A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specialize in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually for a more developed country.
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| Prime Agricultural land | The most productive farmland.
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| Ranching | A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.
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| Reaper | A machine that cuts grain standing in the field.
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| Ridge tillage | system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation.
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| Sawah | A flooded field for growing rice.
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| Seed agriculture | Reproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds, which result from sexual fertilization.
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| Shifting cultivation | A form of substance agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another: each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.
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| Slash-and-burn agriculture | Another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris.
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| spring wheat | Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer.
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| Substance agriculture | Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmers family.
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| Sustainable agriculture | Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides.
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| Swidden | A patch of land cleared for planting.
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| Thresh | To beat out grain from stocks by trampling it.
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| Transhumance | The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.
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| Truck farming | Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle England word bartering or the exchange of commodities.
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| Vegetative planting | Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants.
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| Wet rice | Rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then moved o a deliberately flooded field to promote growth.
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| Winnow | To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind.
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| Winter wheat | Wheat planted in the fall and harvested in the early summer.
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