Notes Review
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| A drug's name begins with a chemical name that describes what? | Its structure and its components.
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| While a potential drug is under development, the developer gives it a code number or a suggested nonproprietary name. What's another word for nonproprietary? | Generic.
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| Drug classes are group names for drugs that have what? | Similar activities or are used for the same type of diseases and disorders.
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| What are some systems used for classifying drugs? | By disorder, body system affected, type of receptor acted on, type of action, etc.
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| Analgesic drugs create a state in which the pain from a painful medical condition is reduced or not felt. What do you call this state? | Analgesia.
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| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are both what? | Analgesic and anti-inflammatory.
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| Anesthetics cause an absence of what? | Sensation or pain.
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| General anesthetics depress what to the level of unconsciousness? | The central nervous system.
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| General anesthetics are usually classified according to what two routes of administration? | Inhalation or intravenous (IV).
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| What type of doctor administers general anesthesia? | An anesthesiologist.
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| Anti-infectives treat disease produced by microorganisms such as what? | Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and parasitic worms.
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| What are some classes of anti-infectives? | Antivirals and antifungals.
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| What do antivirals do? | They inhibit the replication of viruses.
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| What are antifungals used for? | To treat fungal infections.
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| Oncology is the branch of medicine that deals with what? | The study and treatment of cancer.
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| What does malignancy mean? | A life-threatening, cancerous group of cells or tumor is present.
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| Due to the toxicity of many antineoplastics, what kind of cells get destroyed along with the cancerous ones? | Normal, healthy cells.
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| What other things are classified as antineoplastics that are generally used for specific site treatments? | Hormones, antitumor antibiotics, and radioactive isotopes.
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| What are some classes of antineoplastics? | Hormones and antitumor antibiotics.
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| How are hormones used? | Hormone therapy can be used to treat certain cancers that require hormones to grow.
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| What are antitumor antibiotics? | Drugs that interact directly with cancer cells to prevent the DNA from functioning normally.
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| Some of the most widely used meds available are used to treat diseases and conditions of what system? | The cardiovascular system.
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| What are some classes of cardiovascular agents? | Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, vasodilators, antianginals, antiarrhythmics, antihyperlipidemics, antihypertensives, and vasopressors.
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| What are beta blockers? | Drugs that reduce the oxygen demands of the heart muscle.
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| What are calcium channel blockers? | Drugs that relax the heart by reducing heart conduction.
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| What do diuretics do? | Decrease blood pressure by decreasing blood volume.
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| What do ACE Inhibitors do? | Relax the blood vessels.
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| What do vasodilators do? | Relax and expand the blood vessels.
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| What do antianginals do? | Treat cardiac related chest pain (angina) resulting from ischmic heart disease.
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| What do antiarrhythmics do? | Treat irregular heart rhythms.
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| What do antihyperlipidemics do? | Lower high cholesterol.
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| What do antihypertensives do? | Reduce a sustained elevation in blood pressure.
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| What do vasopressors do? | Increase blood pressure.
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| Skin provides what function for the body? | It acts as a protective barrier.
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| What else does skin do for the body? | Not only is it the largest of the body's organs, but it also protects the other organs against microorganisms, trauma, extreme temperature, and other harmful elements.
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| What is essential for good health and body function? | Maintaining the proper balance of body fluids.
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| What are the 4 common electrolytes? | Sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate.
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| What are gastrointestinal agents used for? | To treat disorders of the stomach and/or intestines.
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| What are some classes of gastrointestinal agents? | Antidiarrheals and antiemetics.
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| What do antidiarrheals do? | Slow the movement of the intestinal contents to allow for greater water and electrolyte absorption.
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| What do antiemetics do? | Treat nausea and vomiting.
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| What are hemapoietics? | Drugs that treat various forms of anemia by stimulating or helping to stimulate blood cell growth.
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| The adrenal glands, which are located above each kidney, consist of what three sections? | The outer section, the cortex, and the medulla.
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| What two hormones do the pancreas secrete? | Insulin and glucagon.
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| Ophthalmic agents are used to treat various conditions or disorders of what? | The eye.
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| Otic agents are used to treat conditions associated with what? | The ear.
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| Psychotropic drugs are drugs that affect what? | Behavior, psychiatric state, and sleep.
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| Sedatives are drugs that are intended to do what? | Relax and calm.
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| Hypnotics, often referred to as sleeping pills, are designed to do what? | Induce and, in some cases, prolong sleep.
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| What are some classes of respiratory agents? | Antihistamines, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants and mucolytic agents, and bronchodilators.
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| What do antihistamines do? | Block the action of histamines from white blood cells or from inflammation-producing substances.
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| What do decongestants do? | Cause mucous vasoconstriction, reduce nasal passage drainage, and relieve stuffiness.
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| What do antitussives do? | Treat productive (with phlegm) and nonproductive (w/o phlegm) coughs.
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| What do expectorants and mucolytic agents do? | Treat chest congestion.
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| What do bronchodilators do? | Relieve bronchospasm.
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