stupid words for a stupid quiz
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| allusion | A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place,
or work of art
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| antecedent | The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun
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| antithesis | the opposition or contrast of ideas; the direct opposite
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| aphorism | A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle. (If the authorship is
unknown, the statement is generally considered to be a folk proverb.) An aphorism can be a memorable summation of the
author’s point.
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| apostrophe | A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty
or love. It is an address to someone or something that cannot answer. The effect may add familiarity or emotional
intensity.
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| clause | A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. An independent, or main, clause expresses a complete
thought and can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent, or subordinate clause, cannot stand alone as a sentence and must
be accompanied.
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| colloquial/colloquialism | The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing.
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| conceit | A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar
objects. A conceit displays intellectual cleverness as a result of the unusual comparison being made.
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| didactic | From the Greek, didactic literally means “teaching.” Didactic words have the primary aim of teaching or instructing,
especially the teaching of moral or ethical principles.
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| euphemism | From the Greek for “good speech,” euphemisms are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally
unpleasant word or concept. The euphemism may be used to adhere to standards of social or political correctness
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| generic conventions | This term describes traditions for each genre. These conventions help to define each genre; for example,
they differentiate an essay and journalistic writing or an autobiography and political writing
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| homily | This term literally means “sermon,” but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving
moral or spiritual advice.
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| hyperbole | overstatement, exaggeration
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| invective | an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.
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| litotes | a form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its
opposite. Litote is the opposite of hyperbole. Examples: “Not a bad idea,” “Not many,” “It isn’t very serious. I have this
tiny little tumor on the brain”
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| loose sentence/non-periodic sentence | A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by
dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses.
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| metonymy | a figure of speech
in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. For example, a news release
that claims “the White House declared” rather than “the President declared” is using metonymy
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| anaphora | when the exact repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines
or sentences
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| pedantic | An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish
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| periodic sentence | The opposite of loose sentence, a sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. This
independent clause is preceded by a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone
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| semantics | The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their
connotations, and their relation to one another.
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| subject complement | renames (predicate NOMINATIVE) or describes (predicate ADJECTIVE) the subject
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| syllogism | a deductive
system of formal logic that presents two premises (the first one called “major” and the second called “minor”) that
inevitably lead to a sound conclusion.
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| synecdoche | a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole or, occasionally, the whole is used to
represent a part. Examples: To refer to a boat as a “sail”; to refer to a car as “wheels”;
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| synesthesia | when one kind of sensory stimulus evokes the subjective experience of another. Ex: The sight of red ants makes
you itchy.
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| telegraphic sentence | shorter than 5 words in length
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| medium length sentence | 18 words in length
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| long and involved sentence | 30 or more words in length
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| natural order of a sentence | subject comes before predicate
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| inverted order of a sentence | predicate comes before noun
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| split order | subject in the middle
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| Phrases | groups of related words w/o subject, predicate, or both
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| Staccato sentence | 1-2 words
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| Short sentence | 5-10 words
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