Astronomy Exam 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Kepler's 1st Law of Planetary Motion | Planet's orbit is an ellipse; with Sun at one focus
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| Kepler's 2nd Law of Planetary Motion | Object orbiting Sun on elliptic orbit is FASTEST when CLOSEST to Sun and SLOWEST when FURTHEST from the Sun
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| Kepler's 3rd Law of Planetary Motion | Periods (YEARS) are related to planets' orbital sizes (a in AU); applies to planets orbiting a 1 solar mass star
p^2=a^3
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| Newton's 1st Law of Gravity | body at rest/ motion STAYS in rest/motion UNLESS acted upon an outside FORCE
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| Newton's 2nd Law of Gravity | F=ma (Force=mass x acceleration)
more mass--more force to accelerate
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| Newton's 3rd Law of Gravity | Every action has an EQUAL and OPPOSITE force
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| Occam's Razor | Scientists should prefer the simpler of two models that agrees with the observations
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| scientific paradigm | General pattern of thought that tends to shape scientific study for a specific time period
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| diameter of Earth | 8,000 miles
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| circumference of Earth | 24,900 miles
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| Average/Mean Earth-Sun distance | 93.9 million miles (=1 AU)
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| 1 light-year | DISTANCE light travels in a vacuum in a year
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| right ascension | (LONGITUDE) but on the celestial sphere [used in equatorial coordinate system]
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| declination | (LATITUDE) but on the celestial sphere [used in equatorial coordinate system]
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| elevation angle | number of DEGREES between the horizon and the object (AKA altitude, used in horizon coordinate system]
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| azimuth | direction around the horizon from due north (used in horizon coordinate system)
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| ecliptic | Sun's apparent annual path among the constellations (fundamental great circle of ecliptic coordinate system)
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| zodiac | constellations on the celestial sphere through which the ecliptic passes
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| vernal equinox | points at which the sun passes through the equator making the DAY AS LONG AS NIGHT (FALL & SPRING equinox)
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| celestial meridian | circle that connects the zenith with the north and south poles
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| zenith | straight UP from observer
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| nadir | straight DOWN from observer
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| north celestial pole | point on the celestial sphere directly above earth's north pole
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| latitude (on Earth) | angular NORTH-SOUTH distance between Earth's equator and a location on Earth's surface
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| longitude (on Earth) | angular EAST-WEST distance between Earth's prime meridian and a location on Earth's
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| What causes the seasons? | Earth's 23 & 1/2 degree tilt on its axis
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| precession of the equinoxes | slow change in direction of the axis of Earth's rotation
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| Pythagorus | a^2+b^2=c^2
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| scientific method | based on observation, logic and skepticism
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| Hypothesis | collection of ideas that seems to explain a phenomenon
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| model | hypotheses that have withstood observational or experimental tests
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| Theory | a body of related hypotheses can be pieced together into a self consistent description of nature
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| laws of physics | theories that accurately describe the workings of physical reality, have stood the test of time and have been shown to have great and general validity
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| Solar system planet order | sun, mercury, venus, earth, mars, jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune, pluto (no longer considered planet)
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| quasar | light emitted from the mass falling into the massive black hole inside the center of a galaxy
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| angular distance between stars | if you draw lines from your eye to each of the two stars, the angle between the two stars
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
daisy98
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