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Ch 4: the cell in action

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Term
Definition
diffusion   the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration  
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osmosis   the diffusion of water across/through the cell membrane  
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passive transport   the diffusion of particles through the cell membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration without using energy  
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active transport   the diffusion of particles through the cell membrane from areas of low concentration to areas of higher concentration using energy  
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endocytosis   the process in which a cell surrounds a large particle and encloses it in a vesicle  
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exocytosis   the process when a cell uses a vesicle to move a particle from within the cell to outside the cell  
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photosynthesis   the process by which plants capture light energy from the sun and convert it into sugar  
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cellular respiration   when cells use oxygen to break down food  
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fermentation   when cells do not use oxygen to break down food  
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cell cycle   the life cycle of a cell  
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chromosomes   storage structures for DNA  
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homologous chromosomes   similar pair of chromosomes  
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cytokinesis   the division of cytoplasm of a cell  
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mitosis   nuclear division in eukaryotic cells in which each cell receives a copy of the original chromosome  
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binary fission   the cell division where one cell splits into 2  
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chromatid   identical copies of a chromosome  
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centromere   the region that holds chromatids together when a chromosome is duplicated  
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