Cells
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| connective tissue | lots of ECM few cells
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| epithelial tissue | tightly bound sheets of cells, sparse ECM (basement membrane)
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| tight junctions | "O-ring" seal, separate apical and basolateral surfaces, prevent movement between
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| glycocalyx | CHO-rich coating on cells
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| junctional complex | tight junctions, adherans junctions, and desmosomes
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| zona adherans | continuous jxn around cell, strong adhesion btwn cells and attachment to microfilaments
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| desmosomes (macula adherans) | spot welds, keratins/tonofilaments attach to them
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| hemidesmosomes | spot weld to basement membrane, serves as attachment for integrin IFs
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| focal adhesion | seen in TC and scar contracture, strong adhesion to ECM and attachment for microfilaments
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| Gap junctions (communicating junction) | allow passage of molecules (<1500kDa) through connexons, permeability regulated by Ca and pH
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| actin decoration | bind myosin head to actin for identification with EM
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| phalloidin | dervied from fungus, prevents depolymerization of microfilaments
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| G-Actin | unpolymerized actin
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| Gels or Networks of Actin | actin filaments crosslinked with binding proteins-->rigidity
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| dyneine motor | move stuff to minus end of MT (act at kinetochores during anaphase)
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| kinesin motor | moves stuff to + end of MT (pushes poles apart during anaphase)
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| Cadherins | Ca dependant CAM - homophilic glycoproteins, link to actin and some found in desmosomes
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| Ig CAM | Ca independant - hetero or homophilic binding, includes ICAM and NCAM, found on surfaces of neural, lymphoid, and endothelial
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| selectins | Ca dependant protein CAM, binds to CHO, found on leukocytes and endothelial cells, include PMNs
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| Fibronectin | ECM component-large disulfide linked dimeric protein, multi domains, RGD domain critical binding seq, important for cell adhesion and migration (found in focal adhesions)
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| laminin | ECM component -in BM, binding site for other ECM components
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| elastin | ECM component- BV,lungs,and skin-associates w/ fibrillin (def. in Marfan)
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| GAGs and proteoglycans | ECM component- makes cavities(embryo) and resists forces (joints)
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| integrins | receptor for many ECM components, alpha and beta subunits span membrane
often concentrated at myotendinous jxns and focal adhesions
interact w/ actin, talin, filamin, and alpha actinin
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| integrin a5B1 | Fn receptor binds only Fn RGD
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| integrin avB3 | Vitronectin receptor binds several RGD
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| integrin aLB2 | on leukocyte binds ICAM-1 on other leukocytes and endothelial cells --> inflammatory response (def. in LAD)
B2 family is target of antiinflammatory drugs
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| integrin aIIbB3 | on platelets, bind fibrin/fibrinogen via RGD --> clotting (def in Glanzmann's)
target of anticlotting drugs
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| B4 integrin | long cytoplasmic domain, found in hemidesmosomes, binds tonofilaments/keritins
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| microfilaments | actin, myosin
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| cytochalasin | inhibits actin polymerization
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| gelsolin | dissassembles actin gels
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| actin bundles | contractile ring, microvilli, stereocilia, focal adhesions
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| focal adhesions | AKA stress fibers- actin bundles associate w/ integrins via vinculin, talin, and alpha actinin
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| GTP Rho | stimulates stress fibers and focal adhesions
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| GTP Rac | stimulates ruffles and lamellipodia
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| GTP Cdc42 | stimulates filopodia
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| MLCK | ca regulated protein kinase in smooth muscle -->induces active conformation of myosin
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| Rho-kinase | activated by Rho-->phosphorylates light chain of myosin II AND inhibits phosphatase that reverses action
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| troponin | regulated by Ca in striated muslces
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| spectrin | binds F actin to ankyrin (in PM)--> biconcavity of RBC
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| Cell extension | regulated by Rac and Cdc42
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| Cell adhesion | regulated by CAMs
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| Cell contraction | regulated by Rho
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| Taxol | prevents depoly of MT
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| Colcemid, Colchecine, nocodozole, vinblastin | causes depolymerization of MT
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| Type 1 IF | tonofilaments, keratins, cytokeratins
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| tonofilaments | insert into desmosomes and hemidesmosomes
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| keratins | tissue specific, defective in EBS
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| Type 2 IF | crosslink to other MT, e.g. vimentin to MT in fibroblast
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| Type 3 IF | neurofilaments, primarilty structural, crosslink MT and actin
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| Type 4 IF | nuclear lamins, provide structure to nucleas, phosphorylation disintegrates them for mitosis
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| Nulclear Pore movements | in/out determined by NLS and regulated by Ran
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