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| Annexation |
Legally adding land area to a city in the United States. |
| Census tract |
An area delineated bv the U.S. Bureau of the Census for which statistics are published; in urbanized areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods. |
| Concentric zone model |
A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings. |
| Council of government |
A cooperative agency consisting of representatives of local governments in a metropolitan area in the United States. |
| Density gradient |
The change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery. |
| Edge city |
A large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area. |
| Filtering |
process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner occupation to abandonment. |
| Gentrification |
A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly lm,--income renter-occupied area to a predOlninantly middle-class owner-occupied area. |
| Greenbelt |
A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area. |
| Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) |
In the United States, a central city of at least 50,000 population, the county within which the city is located, and adjacent counties meeting one of several tests indicating a functional connection to the central city. |
| Micropolitan statistical area |
An urbanized area of between 10,000 and 50,000 inhabitants, the county in which it is found, and adjacent counties tied to the city. |
| Multiple nuclei model |
A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities. |
| Peripheral model |
A model of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road. |
| Public housing |
Housing owned by the government; in the United States, it is rented to low-income residents, and the rents are set at 30 percent of the families' incomes. |
| Redlining |
A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries. |
| Rush (or peak) hour |
The four consecutive 15-minute periods in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic |
| Sector model |
A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business district (CBD). |
| Sprawl |
Development of new housing sites at relatively low density and at locations that are not contiguous to the existing built-up area. |
| Squatter settlement |
An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures. |
| Underclass |
A group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic characteristics. |
| Urbanization |
An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements. |
| Urbanized area |
In the United States, a central city plus its contiguous built-up suburbs. |
| Urban renewal |
Program in which cities identify blighted inner-city neighborhoods, acquire the properties from private members, relocate the residents and businesses, clear the site, build new roads and utilities, and turn the land over to private developers. |
| Zoning ordinance |
A law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community. |
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