Upper Limbs
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| What must be included in its entirety of a radiograph of a thumb? | the distal phalanx all the way to the base of the first metacarpal
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| What metacarpal matches up with the trapezium? | first MC
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| What metacarpal matches up with the trapezoid? | second MC
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| The third MC matches up with what carpal bone? | capitate
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| The hamate matches up with what metacarpals? | 4th and 5th
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| The scaphoid articulates with the ________ proximally? | radius
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| The scaphoid and the ________ articulate with the radius | lunate
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| What is best visualized on the carpal sulcus view? | pisiform and the hamulus process
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| Where do the radius and ulna articualte with each other? | proximal radioulnar joint and the distal radioulnar joint
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| ______ is a small depression on the medial aspect of the distal radius? | ulnar notch
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| What bone is directly involved in the wrist joint? | radius
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| What are the two beaklike processes of the proximal ulna called? | olecranon process and coronoid process
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| where does the radius cross over the ulna | upper forearm
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| Two shallow anterior depressions of the distal humerus are? | the coronoid fossa and the radial fossa
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| What is the posterior depression of the distal humerus called? | olecranon fossa
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| The displacement of a _______ may be the only indication of disease or injury or fx within a joint region | fat pad
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| Are fat pads difficult to see on a radiograph | yes
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| The scaphoid fat stripe is visualized on what views? | Pa and Oblique wrist
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| what fat stripe is seen on a lateral wrist? | pronator fat stripe
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| The important fat stripes of the elbow are only visualized on what position? | lateral
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| Which is more reliable to a radiologist? A posterior or anterior fat pad? | posterior
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| What fat tripe is used to indicate the diagnosis of nonobvious radial head or neck fxs. | supinator fat stripe
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| Exposure factors should be? | low to medium 50-70
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| Long or short exposure time? | short
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| What size focal spot should be used? | small
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| Correctly exposed images of the upper limbs should demonstrate? | soft tissue margins and trabecular markings
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| With film, what screens should be used on hands? | detail
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| If the pt has a small to medium plaster cast, how should you adjust your technique? | increase mAs 50-60% OR kvp 5-7
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| If the pt has a large plaster cast, how should you adjust your technique? | increse mAs 100% OR kvp 8-10
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| If the pt has a fiberglass cast on, how should you adjust your technique? | increase mAs 25-30% OR kvp 3-4
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| What is bursitis? | inflammation of the bursae enclosing the joints
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| What fx is the posterior lip of the distal radius? | Bartons
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| Fx of the base of the first metacarpal? | Bennetts
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| Fx of the 5th metacarpal? | Boxers
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| What is a Colles fx? | fx of the distal radius with posterior displacement
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| Fx of the distal radius with anterior displacement? | Smiths fx
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| A sprain or tear of the ulnar collateral ligaments? | Skier's thumb
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| What method would you do on a skiers thumb injury? | Folio method
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| What projection would you do for a bennetts fx? | roberts method
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| What is the angle for a roberts method? | 15 degrees proximal
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| The Norgaard method looks for? | rheumatoid arthritis
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| Altarnative to the PA wrist is the AP; what does this demonstrate? | intercarpal spaces and wrist joint
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| What is the CR angle for scaphoid view? | 10-15 degress proximal toward elbow
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| The alternative to a scaphoid view is? | the stetcher method?
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| The position for a stetcher method is? | hand elevated 20 degrees on sponge
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| Another name for Carpal canal? | Gaynor Hart method
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| The Gaynor Hart method CR should be? | 25-30 degrees tangential view
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| The carpal bridge CR angle should be? | 45 degrees tangential view
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| What does the external oblique of the elbow best demonstrate? | the radial head, neck, and the capitulum.
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| What does the internal oblique of the elbow best visualize? | coronoid process of ulna and trochlea in profile
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| A trauma axial lateral is called? | Coyle method
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| What is the angle of the CR for coyle method for the radial head view? | 45 degree toward shoulder
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| What is the anlge of the CR for the coyle method for the coronoid process? | 45 degree from shoulder
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| Acute flexion of the elbow is calleD? | Jones method
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| Trauma axial of the elbow is called? | Coyle method
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| The growth plates are called? | epiphyses
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| Where is a sprain located? | joints
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| Where is a strain located? | muscles
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| No bone seen through the skin? | closed fx
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| Occurs when the bone punctures the skin? | open fx
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| A right angle with the bone? | transverse fx
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| Incomplete fx extending from top of the bone, but not completely through? | Fissure
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| A 45 degree angle with the long axis of the bone is what type of fx? | oblique
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| This fx has a twisted appearane? | Spiral
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| A lengthwise break? | longitudinal
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| Bone fragment driven into another bone? | impacted fx
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| Bone is sheared away from the muscle | avulsion fx
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| Numerous fragments and crushed bone? | comminuted fx
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| A fx in two places? | double fx
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| A collapse of bone usually associated with vertebral bodies? | compression fx
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| Flat bones that are moved inward from blunt trauma? | depressed fx
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| Repetitive injury? | stress fx
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| This fx is often associated with tumors or osteoporosis | pathologic fx
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| Name the peds fxs? | greenstick, bowing, buckle (torus), salter
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| Incomplete fx usually because high collagen content | greenstick
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| A "plastic" fx | bowing
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| Epiphyseal plate fxs. | salter
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| The bulging of the periosteum? | Torus aka buckle fx
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| Falling on outstretched hands causes what type of fx? | Colles
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| It is star looking and comminuted | Stellate
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| What is dislocation? | joint out of place
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| What is the forward movement of bone on top of bone? | sublaxation
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| Also known as hangmans fx | sublaxation
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| What is open reduction? | surgery to repair fx
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| What is closed reduction? | manipulation of part to reduce fx.
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| Accumulation of fluid in the joing cavity? | joint effusion
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| An abnormality of the cartilage affecting long bones? | achondroplasia
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| Hereditary condition marked by abnormally dense bone? | osteopetrosis
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| most common type of primary malignant tumor occuring in the bone? | multiple myeloma
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| Narrowing of joing space with periosteal growths on the join margins? | osteoarthritis
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| Mixed areas of scerotic and cortical thickening along with radiolucent lesions? | osteopetrosis
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| Underdeveloped arms with trumpeting of the shafts of the long bones? | achondroplasia
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| For advanced Paget's disease decrease or increase tech? | +
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| For osteopetrosis do you increase or decrease tech? | +
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| What is the only difference among the four radial head lateral projections of the elbow? | rotional position of the hand and wrist
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