control of microorganisms 4/14
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| we exert control over microorganise associated with | food materials, agricultural crops, forest trees, ornamental plants, and pathogens that threaten our health or health of animals
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| control metods or treatments tha kill cells are given the prefix | cidal
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| control methods or treatments the inhibit microbial growht but do not kills cells are given the prefix | static
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| a treatment or method rendering an object free of any viable cells is called | sterilization
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| __ is used to extensively to control microbs associated with food materials, drugs and research chemicals | freezing
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| ___ effectively inhibits growht of most microbs by stopping metablic process | freezing
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| ___ involves the application of heat at a set temp for a specific period of time to bring about a logarithmic reduction of viable cells present | pasteurization
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| __ is used to control micros in fruit juices, milk , beer, and other food products | pasteurization
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| __ does not kill thermoduric endosporse or hyperthermophilic bacteria | pasteurization
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| Tyndallization aka | fractional sterilization
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| __ involves subjecting liquids to alternate periods of boiling and cooling extended over 3 days | Tyndallization
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| used to sterilize liquids, glass containers, pipette tips by subjecting them to steam heat under pressure simultaneously. | autoclaving (moist heat)
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| __ is used to sterilize glassware or metal instruments potentially damaged by steam. | dry heat
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| _ is used to sterilize wire loops and glass spreader rods (also used for eliminating body parts) | incineration (exposing to open flame)
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| 4 physical factos effective in the control of microorganisms | temperature, pressure, radiation, filtration
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| __ cause the formation of thymine-thymine dimers resulting in dletion of type point mutataion, chromosome distortion, and inhibition of replication | ultra violet light
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| __ can be used to sterilize heat sensitive materials like plastices, vaccines, drugs. Used less commonly as it is expensive | Ionizing radiation
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| __ is a static control method used to sterilize liquids and gases as it inhibits their growht by removing them from the medium. | filtration
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| chemicals used in the control of potentially pathogenic microubs ___ the body | outside
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| 2 groups of chemical factors effective in the control of microbes | antiseptics and disinfectants
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| __used to control microbes on living surfaces that are mild enought to be used on skin without damaging the eukaryotic cells | antiseptics
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| __ used primarily to control pathogens on non living surfaces | disinfectants
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| chemicals that decrease the surface tension of water. ex soaps and detergents | surfactants (surface active agent)
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| powerful oxidizing agents that can inactivate cellular proteins | Halogens
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| name 4 halogens | chlorine, brominie, iodine, and fluorine
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| 5 metal ions used as both antiseptics and disinfectants | copper, silver, zinc, mercury, and lead
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| __ interact with proteins rendering them inactive | metal ions
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| __ cause the addition of methyl or ethyl groups to organic compounds and tend to disrupt protein function | Alkylating agents
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| __reacts with chemical groups (carboxyl, amino and sulfhydryl) and tends to disrupt protein function | Formaldehyde
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| 2 Alcohols commonly used as both disinfectants and antiseptics | ethanol and isopropanol
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| __ used in high concentration they denature cellular proteins (cause coagulation) and kill most types of cells | alcohols
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| __ disrupts cellular membrances and kills cells and was used by J Lister as a means of preventing sepsis | Phenol aka carbolic acid
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| __ a powerful oxidizing agent effective against catalase negative organisms and is used as an antiseptic and a mouth rinse | hydrogen peroxide
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| ___ are formed by populations of bacteria growing on surfaces of objects and coating themselves with glycocalyx | Biofilms
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| chemicals used to control pathogenic microgs systemically (inseide the body) are called | antimicrobial drugs or chemotherapeutic agents
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| 5 groups of antimicrobial drugs | antifungal drugs, anti viral drugs, anti helminh drugs, anti parasitic drugs and antibiotics
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| are antimicrobial agents originally produced by some type of living organism and used to control bacteria | antibiotics
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| ability of a chemical to control pathogens inside the body without doing damage to tissues is called | differential toxicity
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| ___ is influenced by drugs concentration and it's mechanism of action | differential toxicity
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| the concentration of a chemotherapeutic agent necessary to provide clinical control of a pathogen is called ___ for that drug. | the therapeutic dose
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| There is a ___ within which a drug can be expected to be effective | therapeutic range
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| the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial drug that will effectively inhibit growht of a specific thype of microorganism in vitro is called | the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)
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| antimicrobial drugs called ___ antibiotics prevent the formation of peptidoglycan | Beta lactam antibiotics (Penicillins and Cephalosporins)
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| ___ are bactericidal to actively growing cells | Beta lactam antibiotics
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| bacteria have developed resistane to Penicillins and Cephalosporins and have enzymes the degrade them called | beta lactamase enzymes
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| ___ antibioticss produced by Streptomyces inhibit translation by preventing binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes | Tetracyclines antibiotics
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| ___ antibiotics can cause permentent teeth darking of young children | Tetracyclines antibiotics
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| 2 antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis | Tetracyclines and Aminoglycosides
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| Beta lactam antibiotics effectively inhibit ___ | cell wall synthesis
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| __antibiotics bind permanently to ribosomes and block the transfer of peptidy-t-RNA from the A site to the P site | Aminoglycosides
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| 2 drugs that interfere with membrane function are | Bacitracin and Polymyxin antibiotics
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| ___inhibits the formation of peptidoglycan by acting on membrance transporters for wall synthesis across cell membrane | Bacitracin antibiotics
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| ___interacts with phospholipids and disrupt membrane structure and function | Polymyxin antibiotics
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| 2 chemicals that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis are | Rifampin and Actinomycin-D
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| __bind with beta subunit of prokaryotic RNA-polymerase and inhibit transcription | Rifampin antibiotic
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| __binds to DNA and inhibits both replication and transcription | Actinomycin-D
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| __ effectively control only a few or only one type of pathogen | Narrow spectrum drugs
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| ___control many types of pathogens (both gram positive and gram negative forms) | broad spectrum drugs
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Created by:
JohnPink