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micro control
control of microorganisms 4/14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| we exert control over microorganise associated with | food materials, agricultural crops, forest trees, ornamental plants, and pathogens that threaten our health or health of animals |
| control metods or treatments tha kill cells are given the prefix | cidal |
| control methods or treatments the inhibit microbial growht but do not kills cells are given the prefix | static |
| a treatment or method rendering an object free of any viable cells is called | sterilization |
| __ is used to extensively to control microbs associated with food materials, drugs and research chemicals | freezing |
| ___ effectively inhibits growht of most microbs by stopping metablic process | freezing |
| ___ involves the application of heat at a set temp for a specific period of time to bring about a logarithmic reduction of viable cells present | pasteurization |
| __ is used to control micros in fruit juices, milk , beer, and other food products | pasteurization |
| __ does not kill thermoduric endosporse or hyperthermophilic bacteria | pasteurization |
| Tyndallization aka | fractional sterilization |
| __ involves subjecting liquids to alternate periods of boiling and cooling extended over 3 days | Tyndallization |
| used to sterilize liquids, glass containers, pipette tips by subjecting them to steam heat under pressure simultaneously. | autoclaving (moist heat) |
| __ is used to sterilize glassware or metal instruments potentially damaged by steam. | dry heat |
| _ is used to sterilize wire loops and glass spreader rods (also used for eliminating body parts) | incineration (exposing to open flame) |
| 4 physical factos effective in the control of microorganisms | temperature, pressure, radiation, filtration |
| __ cause the formation of thymine-thymine dimers resulting in dletion of type point mutataion, chromosome distortion, and inhibition of replication | ultra violet light |
| __ can be used to sterilize heat sensitive materials like plastices, vaccines, drugs. Used less commonly as it is expensive | Ionizing radiation |
| __ is a static control method used to sterilize liquids and gases as it inhibits their growht by removing them from the medium. | filtration |
| chemicals used in the control of potentially pathogenic microubs ___ the body | outside |
| 2 groups of chemical factors effective in the control of microbes | antiseptics and disinfectants |
| __used to control microbes on living surfaces that are mild enought to be used on skin without damaging the eukaryotic cells | antiseptics |
| __ used primarily to control pathogens on non living surfaces | disinfectants |
| chemicals that decrease the surface tension of water. ex soaps and detergents | surfactants (surface active agent) |
| powerful oxidizing agents that can inactivate cellular proteins | Halogens |
| name 4 halogens | chlorine, brominie, iodine, and fluorine |
| 5 metal ions used as both antiseptics and disinfectants | copper, silver, zinc, mercury, and lead |
| __ interact with proteins rendering them inactive | metal ions |
| __ cause the addition of methyl or ethyl groups to organic compounds and tend to disrupt protein function | Alkylating agents |
| __reacts with chemical groups (carboxyl, amino and sulfhydryl) and tends to disrupt protein function | Formaldehyde |
| 2 Alcohols commonly used as both disinfectants and antiseptics | ethanol and isopropanol |
| __ used in high concentration they denature cellular proteins (cause coagulation) and kill most types of cells | alcohols |
| __ disrupts cellular membrances and kills cells and was used by J Lister as a means of preventing sepsis | Phenol aka carbolic acid |
| __ a powerful oxidizing agent effective against catalase negative organisms and is used as an antiseptic and a mouth rinse | hydrogen peroxide |
| ___ are formed by populations of bacteria growing on surfaces of objects and coating themselves with glycocalyx | Biofilms |
| chemicals used to control pathogenic microgs systemically (inseide the body) are called | antimicrobial drugs or chemotherapeutic agents |
| 5 groups of antimicrobial drugs | antifungal drugs, anti viral drugs, anti helminh drugs, anti parasitic drugs and antibiotics |
| are antimicrobial agents originally produced by some type of living organism and used to control bacteria | antibiotics |
| ability of a chemical to control pathogens inside the body without doing damage to tissues is called | differential toxicity |
| ___ is influenced by drugs concentration and it's mechanism of action | differential toxicity |
| the concentration of a chemotherapeutic agent necessary to provide clinical control of a pathogen is called ___ for that drug. | the therapeutic dose |
| There is a ___ within which a drug can be expected to be effective | therapeutic range |
| the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial drug that will effectively inhibit growht of a specific thype of microorganism in vitro is called | the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) |
| antimicrobial drugs called ___ antibiotics prevent the formation of peptidoglycan | Beta lactam antibiotics (Penicillins and Cephalosporins) |
| ___ are bactericidal to actively growing cells | Beta lactam antibiotics |
| bacteria have developed resistane to Penicillins and Cephalosporins and have enzymes the degrade them called | beta lactamase enzymes |
| ___ antibioticss produced by Streptomyces inhibit translation by preventing binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes | Tetracyclines antibiotics |
| ___ antibiotics can cause permentent teeth darking of young children | Tetracyclines antibiotics |
| 2 antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis | Tetracyclines and Aminoglycosides |
| Beta lactam antibiotics effectively inhibit ___ | cell wall synthesis |
| __antibiotics bind permanently to ribosomes and block the transfer of peptidy-t-RNA from the A site to the P site | Aminoglycosides |
| 2 drugs that interfere with membrane function are | Bacitracin and Polymyxin antibiotics |
| ___inhibits the formation of peptidoglycan by acting on membrance transporters for wall synthesis across cell membrane | Bacitracin antibiotics |
| ___interacts with phospholipids and disrupt membrane structure and function | Polymyxin antibiotics |
| 2 chemicals that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis are | Rifampin and Actinomycin-D |
| __bind with beta subunit of prokaryotic RNA-polymerase and inhibit transcription | Rifampin antibiotic |
| __binds to DNA and inhibits both replication and transcription | Actinomycin-D |
| __ effectively control only a few or only one type of pathogen | Narrow spectrum drugs |
| ___control many types of pathogens (both gram positive and gram negative forms) | broad spectrum drugs |
Created by:
JohnPink