China & East Asian Historical Geography
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| Dynasties of China | 1. Shang (Yin)1a. Zhou Dynasty2. Qin (Chin)3.Han Dynasty4.Sui Dynasty5. Tang Dynasty6. Song Dynasty7. Yuan Dynasty(Mongols)8. Ming Dynasty9. Manchu Dynasty
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| 1.Shang Dynasty1a. | 1770 BC to 1120 BC1a. 1120 BC to 221 BC
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| Qin (Chin) Dynasty | -221 to 207 BC-move Chinese influence southward toward Chang Jiang and Xi Rivers-established bureaucratic system for governing China
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| Han Dynasty | -207 BC to 220 AD- brought unity and stability and enlarged Chinese sphere of influence of Korea, Mongolia, Xinjiang, and SE Asia-silk trade to Europe-The people of the Han
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| Successive Dynasties-Sui Dynasty-Tang Dynasty | -581 to 618 AD-618 to 907 AD
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| Song Dynasty | -960-1279 AD-Great Empire-world's most advance state at time
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| Yuan Dynasty (Mongols) | - 1279 to 1368-Nomadic people for the North-Kublai Khan and Ghengis Khan-Empire from Korea to Eastern Europe-Marco Polo
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| Ming Dynasty | -1368 to 1644-Restored Chinese rule-became mose powerful state ever in China's history-Artistic and Scientific achievement
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| Manchu (Qing) Dynasty | -1644 to 1911-last and largest dynasty-Manchus (Manchuria)-Mongols & Manchurians adopted Chinese culture & civilization
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| Collapse of the Manchus | A. Opium Trade-England traded Opium in China--hurt Chinese Society-First Opium War 1839 to 1842 *China tried to stop Opium Trade
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| Spheres of Influence in China & Quasicolonization in China | -Hong Kong--British-Shangdong Province--Germans-Indochina--France-Northeast--Russia-Macao--Portugal-Korea & Taiwan--Japan
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| Russo-Japan War | -1904-Russia fought Japan over influence in North Pacific & Northeast China
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| Boxer Rebellion | -1910-Chinese rebellion against foreigners-believed bullets didn't hurt them-rebellions led by Mystics-1911--Manchu Dynasty overthrown by Sun Yatsen
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| Warlordism | -1920s-China broke-up into smaller states run by military governors/warlords-1912--Sun Yat-sen quit President in Bejing to form government in Canton(Guangzhou) * Two forces in China
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| KMT- (Kuomintang) | -nationalists-led by Sun Yat-sen formed a government in Canton *died in 1925 *Chiang Kai-Shek becomes leader
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| Communist Party | -founded in 1921 in Shanghai
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| Chaing Kai-Sek | -leader of nationalist party-captured Bejing in 1928 -made Nanking (Nanjing) the capital of China
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| The Long March | -communist march into inferior from 1934 to 1935-Led by Mao Zedong & Deng Xiaoping-KMT tried to destroy them
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| War with Japan | -1937 to 1945-Japan invaded and fought the nationalists-Chiang Kai-Sek was leader of China-Japan captured Northern and Eastern China
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| Chinese Civil War | -1945 to 1949-Nationalists had one of world's largest and best equipped armies *still lost
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| WHY- Nationalists lost Civil War | 1. war with Japan weakened2. lost public support3. mishandled economy--rapid inflation4. lost major battles--many died
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| People's Republic of China | -September 1949- Chiang Kai-Shek & army fled to Taiwan *December 1949
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| Communist Dynasty | -Immediately began transforming China * Agricultural Reform * Second Industrialization
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| (PRC) People's Republic of China | -CCP & PLA-population~ 1.3 billion-most live in East-offically Atheist-Mandarin Chinese
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| Ethnicity- China | -1.3 billion-92% Han Chinese-8% ethnic minorities
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| Religions- China | -Atheist-Christians~3-4%-Muslim, Buddhists, Taoists~2%-Churches are sanctioned by government-Buddhism~influenced by Confucianism & Taoism= traditional religion of China-Roman Catholic Churches are ILLEGAL
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| Languages- China | -Mandarin*based on Bejing dialect *offical language *other dialects: Cantonese & Shanghaiese
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| Taiwan | -were the Nationalists fled to in 1949-Republic of China (ROC)
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| Fulun Dafa/Fulun Gong Movement | -outlawed-founded by Li Hongzhi-meditation technique done for relaxation, spiritual peace, enlightenment *health, fitness, wisdom-declared illegal in 1999 after 10000 people peacefully demonstrated against government harassment
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| Mao Zedong | -led China from 1949 to 1976
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| Government controlled cities- China | 1. Bejing (Peking) capital2.Tianjin--Port City of Bejing3.Shanghai largest city of China
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| Autonomous Regions (AR)- China | 1. Nei Mongol AR2. Ningxia Hui AR3. Xingjiang Uygur AR4. Guangxi Zhuang AR5. Xizang AR (Tibet) *areas of Han Chinese migration
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| Regional- China | -Eastern Lowlands-Chang Basin-Chang Jiang (Yangtze) River-Nanjing-Wuhan-Grand Canal-Yangtze Delta-North China Plain-Sichuan Basin
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| Chang Basin-China | -Chang Jiang River-navigable for Ocean going vessels to Nanjing & Wuhan-other large ships to Chonqqing in Sichuan Basin-Grand Canal--link Yangtze to rice & wheat production in North
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| Shanghai-China | -former British Treaty Port City-Yangtze Delta~ Hinterland of 50 million people & industrial complex
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| North China Plain | -cooler temperatures-wheat-soybeans-corn-fruit-vegetables-Bejing & Tianjin
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| Shaanxi & Sichuan-China | -Sichuan Basin~population cluster-City of Xian in Shaanxi-coal & oil preserves
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| The South- China | -Guangdong Province-city of Guangzhou (Canton)-economic growth & ethnic minorities
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| Northeast- China | -home of Manchus-Japanese Civilization-Called Northeast for geopolitical reasons-Japanese call~Manchukuo-Pu Yi"Last emperor"~ emperor of Manchukuo-Colonization 1931 to 1932 & 1945-Japan industrialized the region-Railroads & Factories
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| Northeast- China CONTINUED | -1950s to 1970s it led China in industrialization (Natural Resources)
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| Inner Mongolia (Nei Mongolia) AR | -transition zone-Mongols are minorities in own AR-5 million Mongols-10 million Non-Mongols-China sent people to make more Chinese
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| Xinjiang Uygur (Sinkiang) AR | -Northwest region-Ethnic Groups *Turkic & Non-Turkic *Tajiks *Uygurs *Kazakhs *Kyrgyz-Chinese Muslims- Frontier region of China- Space & Nuclear Weapons Program
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| Xizang (Tibet) AR | -Chinese Colony-Different culture & different ethnic group-China invaded during 1950s after war-1958 China brutally suppressed Tibetans-Tibetans~ Buddhists-Dalai Lama~in exile-feudal society organized around monasteries who paid allegiance~ DL
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| Population- China | -BR~2.1 to avoid decline-BR~2.1-5 for growth-BR~5-over is explosive-Birthrate 13/1000-Pop. Growth~0.57%-1979~ One couple/ one child policy-mid 80s was relaxed in rural areas to 2 children
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