Literary Terms
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| Plot | Sequence of events in a literary work
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| Exposition | Introduces the setting, characters, and basic situation
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| Rising Action | All events leading up to the climax
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| Climax | High point of interest or suspense
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| Falling Action | Events occurring after the climax
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| Resolution | A general insight or change is conveyed
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| Narrator | A speaker or character who tells the story
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| Point of View | Directs the type and amount of information the writer reveals.
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| First Person | Readers see only what this character sees, hear only what this character hears, and so on.
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| Omniscient | Can tell readers what all characters think and feel.
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| Third Person Limited | Sees the world through one character’s eyes and reveals only that character’s thoughts.
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| Setting | Time and place of the action. Includes historical period – past, present, and future – and also year, season, and time of day. Place may include geographical location and also social, economic, or cultural environment.
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| Character | A person or animal that takes part in the action of a literary work.
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| Static | Does not change
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| Dynamic | Develops and grows throughout the course of the story
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| Flat | Shows only one trait
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| Round | Shows many different traits – faults as well as virtues
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| Motivation | A reason that explains why a character thinks, feels, acts, or behaves in a certain way.
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| Conflict | A struggle between opposing forces
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| Internal Conflict | A character who struggles with him or herself.
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| External Conflict | Main character struggles against an outside force
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| Protagonist | The main character of a literary work
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| Antagonist | Character or force in conflict with a main character, or protagonist
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| Direct Characterization | The author directly states the character’s traits.
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| Indirect Characterization | The author provides clues about a character by describing what a character looks like, does, and says as well as how others react to him or her.
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| Figurative Language | Writing or speech not meant to be interpreted literally.
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| Alliteration | Repetition of initial consonant sounds
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| Allusion | Reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art
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| Flashback | A means by which the authors present material that occurred earlier than the present tense of the narrative
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| Foreshadowing | The use in a literary work of clues that suggest events that have yet to occur
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| Imagery | Descriptive or figurative language used in literature to create word pictures for the reader often using the five senses
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| Irony | Differences between appearance and reality, or expectation and result
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| Verbal Irony | Words are used to suggest the opposite of what is meant
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| Dramatic Irony | A contradiction between what the character thinks and what the reader knows to be true
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| Situational Irony | An event occurs that directly contradicts the expectations of the characters, the reader, or the audience
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| Metaphor | A figure of speech in which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else.
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| Simile | A figure of speech in which the words like, as or than are used to compare two apparently dissimilar items.
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| Symbolism | Anything that stands for something else.
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| Theme | Central message or insight into life revealed through a literary work
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| Tone | The writer’s attitude toward his or her audience and subject often described by a single adjective
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| Mood | A feeling created in the reader by a literary work
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| Onomatopoeia | The use of words that imitate sounds
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| Personification | A type of figurative language in which a nonhuman object is given human characteristics
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