| Question |
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| Answer |
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| Agriculture |
Deliberate modification of Earth's surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain |
| Crop |
Grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season. |
| Vegetative planting |
Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants (cutting stems & dividing roots) |
| Seed agriculture |
Reproduction of plants through annual planting of seeds that result from sexual fertilization |
| Subsistence agriculture |
Production of food primarily for consumption by the farmer's family |
| Commercial agriculture |
Production of food primarily for sale off the farm |
| Agribusiness |
System of commercial farming found in the United States and other relatively developed countries |
| Prime agricultural land |
The most productive farmland |
| Shifting cultivation |
A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period |
| Slash-and-burn agriculture |
When farmers clear land for planting by slashing vegetation and burning the debris |
| Swidden |
A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning |
| Pastoral Nomadism |
A form of subsistence agriculture based on the herding of domesticated animals |
| Transhumance |
seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture areas |
| Intensive subsistence agriculture |
A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land |
| Wet rice |
The practice of planting rice on dry land in a nursery and then moving the seedlings to a flooded field to promote growth |
| Paddy |
Malay word for wet rice, commonly used instead of Sawah |
| Sawah |
Flooded field for growing rice |
| Chaff |
Husks of grain seperated from the seed by threshing |
| Thresh |
To beat out grain from stalks by trampling it |
| Winnow |
Toremove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind |
| Hull |
The outer covering of a seed |
| Double cropping |
The practicee of harvesting twice a year from the same field |
| Crop rotation |
Practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil |
| Cereal grain |
Grass yielding grain for food |
| Milkshed |
Area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied |
| Grain |
Seedof a cereal grain |
| Winter wheat |
Wheat planted in the fall and harvested in the early summer |
| Spring wheat |
Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer |
| Reaper |
Machine that cuts grain standing in the field |
| Combine |
Machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field |
| Ranching |
Form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area |
| Horticulture |
Growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers |
| Truck farming |
Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities |
| Plantation |
Large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country |
| Sustainable agriculture |
Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides |
| Ridge tillage |
A system of planting crops on ridge tops, in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation |
| Desertification |
Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting |
| Green revolution |
Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers |
Cardio Block2anatomy
