Vital Signs
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| Vital Signs | provide information about basic body conditions of the pt
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| temperature | a measurement of the balance between heat lost and heat produced
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| pulse | the pressure of the blood felt against the wall of the artery as the heart contracts relaxes or beats
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| rate | the number of beats per minute
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| rhythm | regularity of the pulse
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| volume | strength of pulse (strong, weak, bounding)
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| respiration | one inspiration and one expiration
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| blood pressure | the force exerted by the blood against the arterial walls when the heart contracts and relaxes
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| apical pulse | the pulse taken with a stethoscope at the apex of the heart
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| homeostasis | ideal state of balance in the human body
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| oral temperature | taken in the mouth (98.6)
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| rectal temperature | Taken in the rectum (99.6)
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| axillary temperature | taken under armpit (97.6)
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| aural temperatures | taken with a special thermometer(tympanic thermometer) taken in the ear (auditory canal)
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| hypothermia | the body temp below 94 degrees F Rectally
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| pyrexia | term for fever
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| febrile | means that a fever is present
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| afebrile | means that a fever is not present
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| hyperthermia | body temp exceeds 104 rectal
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| carotid pulse | at the neck or either side of the trachea
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| temporal pulse | on either side of the forehead
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| Brachial pulse | inner crease of the elbow
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| radial pulse | inner aspect of the wrist above the thumb
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| Femoral pulse | at the inner aspect of the upper thigh, where the thigh joins the upper trunk of the body
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| Bradycardia | a pulse rate under 60 beats per minute
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| tachycardia | a pulse rate over 100 beats per minute ( except in children)
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| Arrhythmia | an irregular or abnormal rhythm usually caused by defect in electrical pattern of the heart.
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| character | refers to the depth and quality of the respirations (deep, shallow, labored)
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| Dyspnea | difficult or labored breathing
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| Apnea | absence of respirations
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| Tachypnea | rapid, shallow respiration (above 25 breaths per minute)
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| Bradypnea | slow respiratory rate (below 10 breaths per minute)
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| Orthopnea | severe dyspnea in which breathing is difficult in any position other then standing.
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| Cheyne - Stokes | abnormal breathing pattern characterized by periods of dyspnea followed by periods of apnea
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| rales | bubbling or noisy sounds caused by fluid or mucus in the air passages
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| wheezing | difficult breathing with high pitched whistling sound during expiration
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| cyanosis | bluish discoloration of skin, lips, or nail beds as a result of decreased oxygen
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| pulse deficit | difference between apical pulse and radial pulse
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| Systolic Pressure | occurs in walls of arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is contracting and pushing blood into the arteries (top number)
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| Diastolic Pressure | constant pressure in walls of arteries between contractions (bottom number)
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| Hypertension | high blood pressure
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| Hypotension | low blood pressure
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| Sphygmomanometer | instrument that measures BP in millimeters of mercury
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