8th Grade Science Final Avery Locust Valley
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| How do you make a science experiment more valid? | Use large sample size
Conduct more trials
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| What life characteristic describes the way an organism gets nutrients? | Nutrition
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| What life characteristic is the absorption and distribution of materials throughout an organism? | Transport
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| What life characteristic is how living things produce more individuals of the same type? | Reproduction
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| What life characteristic is cells breaking down food molecules and and release energy they contain? | Respiration
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| What life characteristic is the coordination of all life activities? | Regulation
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| Maintaining balance within an organism | Homeostasis
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| The SUM OF of ALL life activities (nutrition, excretion, transport, reproduction, respiration, regulation, growth, synthesis) | Metabolism
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| What is the difference between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition? | Autotroph makes its own food and heterotroph doesn't
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| What are the levels of Classification from broadest to most specific? | Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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| Classification - Scientific name includes _______ and _________ | Genus and Species
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| Name the Six categories of the STRUCTURE OF LIVING THINGS | Organelle, Cells, Tissue, Organs, Organ System, Organism
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| What are the three parts of CELL THEORY? | 1. All living things are composed of cells, 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, 3. All cells are produced from other cells
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| What are 3 differences between a plant and animal cell? | 1. The plant cell is rectangular, 2. the plant cell has a cell WALL, 3. The plant cell has a CHLOROPLAST
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| What is the function of the MITOCHONDRIA of a cell? | Site of cell respiration - breaking down food molecules and releasing their energy
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| What is the function of the NUCLEUS of a cell? |
Controls the cell's activities (brain)
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| What is the function of the RIBOSOME of a cell? | Site of protein synthesis
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| What is the function of the CHLOROPLAST of a cell? |
Site of PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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| What is the function of the CELL MEMBRANE of a cell? | To control what enters and exits a cell
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| What is the chemical formula of cell respiration? | oxygen + glucose (makes) CO2 + H2) + ATP energy
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| Cell Respiration takes place in which one of the cell organelles? | Mitochondria
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| Which components of cell respiration are the reactants (things needed)? | Glucose (C6H12O6) and Oxygen (O2)
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| What are the results (results) of cell respiration? | Carbon Dioxide, water, and energy
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| What types of organisms carry out cell respiration? | All organisms (people, animals, plants)
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| When is the process of cell respiration carried out by organisms? | 24/7 All the time
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| What is the chemical formula of photosynthesis? |
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| Site of photosynthesis in plant cells? | Chloroplast
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| Energy source of photosynthesis? | The sun
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| What are the inorganic reactants (things needed) for photosynthesis? | carbon dioxide + water
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| What are the products (results) of photosynthesis? | glucose and oxygen
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| When is photosynthesis carried out? | Daylight
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| What types of organisms carry out photosynthesis? | Autotrophs/Plants
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| Which organelle controls transport in cells? | the cell membrane controls transport of nutrients and waste in and out of the cell
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| In Active Transport, molecules move from _______ to _________ concentration. | In Active Transport, molecules move from LOW to HIGH concentration.
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| In Passive Transport, molecules move from _______ to _________ concentration. | In Passive Transport, molecules move from HIGH to LOW concentration.
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| In active transport, the size of the molecules is __________ | large
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| In passive transport, the size of the molecules is | small
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| Is there a need for ATP in active transport? | yes
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| Is there a need for ATP in passive transport? | no
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| What is the function of enzymes? | Enzymes speed up chemical reactions
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| What is a "lock and key" relationship between enzymes and their substrates? | A lock and key is shaped for a substance so the enzyme and substrate fit together like puzzle pieces
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| What are the 3 factors that control enzyme activity? | Temperature, PH level, Surface area or concentration
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| Cell Division: what types of cells do the process of mitosis? | All body cells
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| Cell Division: What type of cells do Meiosis? | Only cells that create gametes (sex cells)
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| Cell Division: How many daughter cells are produced in Mitosis? | 2
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| Cell Division: How many daughter cells are produced in Meiosis? | half the amount of DNA
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| What two body systems work together to help the body perform locomotion? | Muscular and Skeletal Systems
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| What is locomotion? | Movement
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| What is bone marrow? | Soft tissue in the center and ends of bones: the RED part produces blood cells and the YELLOW part contains fat
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| What is cartilage? | Connective tissue at ends of bones TO CUSHION JOINTS
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| What is a tendon? | Connective tissue that connects MUSCLE TO BONE
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| What is a ligament? | Connective tissue that connects BONE TO BONE
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| Which two body systems help the body to maintain homeostasis? | Endocrine and nervous systems
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| How does the endocrine system work? | Releases chemicals into the blood from glands
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| What is a stimulus? What is an example? | A change in an organisms's surroundings that causes it to react . A loud car horn is a stimulus.
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| What is response? What is an example? | An action or change in behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus. A dog running away is a response from the stimulus of a loud car horn
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| What is the overall function of the nervous system and its receptors? | RECEPTORS take in a stimuli, SENSORY NEURONS carry impulses TO the brain, INTERNEURONS transfer the impulse, MOTOR NEURON carries impulse AWAY from the brain to the muscles, EFFECTORS make the muscle or gland respond
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| What are 3 differences between the endocrine and nervous systems? | Nervous system has short responses, Endocrine system has long responses, the Endocrine system puts chemicals into the blood to regulate the body
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| What is the main function of the digestive system? | Break down food into small nutrients and molecules
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| What is mechanical digestion, and give an example | Physical break down of food = chewing, grinding, or mastication of food in your mouth
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| What is chemical digestion and give an example. | Digestive enzymes breaking chemical bonds in food = Starches are broken down into sugar
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| What is peristalsis? | The way muscles squeeze like a wave to move substances through
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| Where does peristalsis occur? | Esophagus: The wave of peristalsis moves food from the mouth to the stmach
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| Define arteries | Blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart
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| Define veins | Blood vessels that carry blood TO the heart
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| Define capallaries | TINY blood vessels where substances are exchanged between the blood and cells of the body
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| Define RED BLOOD CELLS | blood cells that take up oxygen in the lungs and delivers the oxygen to cells around the body
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| Define White blood cells | blood cells that fight disease
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| Define Plasma: | The liquid part of the blood. Chemical reactions take place there too
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| Define platelets | Cell fragments that form blood clots
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| How does the SKIN provide a line of defense of the immune system? | Provides a physical barrier against disease
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| How does the INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE provide a line of defense of the immune system? | White blood cells engulf foreign invadors
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| How does a n IMMUNE RESPONSE provide a line of defense of the immune system? | Antigens on the pathogen surface stimulate production of antibodies
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| What is a vaccine? | A shot which is a weakened or dead form of a disease
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| How does a vaccine work? | The body produces antibodies in response to vaccines and stores them in memory cells
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| How is the Antibody-Antigen relationship similar to the Hormone-Organ relationship? | They are specific and fit like lock and key
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| Describe the cause, effect, and prevention of AIDS | The cause is a virus spread by body fluids, the effect is immune cells become viral factories, the prevention is safe sex and no needles
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| What is the function of the SKELETAL SYSTEM | support, protection, movement, blood cell production, mineral storage
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| What is the function of the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM | transport of materials throughout an organism
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| What is the function of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM | Take in and break down nutrients
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| What is the function of the NERVOUS SYSTEM | Detect and respond to changes in the enbironment
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| What is the function of the MUSCULAR SYSTEM | to work with the skeletal system to move an organism and provide structure and support
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| What is the function of the RESPIRATORY system | Take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide
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