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Genetics Definitions

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Term
Definition
Homozygous recessive   A gene that is expressed only in the homozygous state : ee, qq, ww  
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Homozygous dominant   A gene that is always expressed : AA, KK, TT  
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Heterozygous   Genotypes made up of two different alleles : Dd, Jj, Ss  
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Phenotype   Physical characteristics  
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Genotype   The pairs of genes that make up a trait  
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Complete dominance   The dominant allele completely covers the recessive allele : RR+rr+Rr  
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Incomplete dominance   Neither allele dominates so a new phenotype is shown  
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Codominance   Both alleles are shown : red cow + white cow = red and white spotted cow  
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Diploid   The two sets of chromosomes we inherit from our parents. Twice the haploid number.  
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Haploid   When a cell has half the number of chromosomes after Meiosis.  
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Somatic Cells   The cells that mitosis produces  
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Carrier   A person who has inherited the recessive allele but does not show the trait  
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