Math Semester Exams
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| Chapter 1 numerical expression | an expression that consists of numbers and operations
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| variable | a letter that is used to represent one or more numbers
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| variable expression | an expression that consists of numbers, variables, and operations
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| evaluate | to find the value of the variable expressions by substituting a number for each variable, and then finding the value
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| base | the number or expression that is used as a factor in a repeated multiplication
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| exponent | a number or expression that shows how many times a base is used as a factor in a repeated multiplication
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| order of operations | a set of rules for evaluating an expression involving more than one operation
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| integer | the numbers... -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3,... consisting of the negative integers, zero, and the positive integers
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| negative integer | the integers less than zero
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| positive integer | the integers that are greater than 0
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| absolute value | a number a is its diameter from 0 on a number line
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| origin | the point (0,0) where the x-axis and the y-axis meet in a coordinate plane
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| ordered pair | a pair of numbers (x,y) that be used to represent a point in a coordinate plane
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| Chapter 2 term | the parts of an expression that are added together
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| coefficent | the number of a term with a variable
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| constant term | a term that has a number but no variable
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| like terms | terms that have identical variable parts
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| equation | a mathematical sentence formed by placing an equal sign, =, between two expressions
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| inverse operations | two operations that undo each other
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| Chapter 3 inequality | a mathematical statement formed by placing an inequality symbol between two expressions
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| solution of an inequality | the set of all numbers that produce true statements when substituted for the variable in the inequality
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| Chapter 4 prime number | a whole number greater than 1 that has exactly two whole number factors, 1 and itself
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| composite number | a whole number greater than that has more than two whole number factors
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| monomial | a number, a variable, or the product of a number and one or more variables raised to whole number powers
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| common factor | a whole number that is a factor of two or more nonzero whole numbers
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| relatively prime | two or more nonzero whole numbers whose greatest common factor is 1
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| equivalent fractions | two fractions that represent the same number
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| simplest form (as a fraction) | a fraction is in simplest form when its numerator and denominator are relatively prime
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| multiple | the product of a number and any nonzero whole number
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| scientific notation | a number is written in scientific notation if it has the form cx10n
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| Chapter 5 rational number | a number that can be written as a quotient of two integers
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| terminating decimal | a decimal that has a final digit repeating decimal
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| repeating decimal | a decimal that has a digit or block of digits that repeats without end
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| reciprocals | two nonzero numbers whose product is 1
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| multiplicative inverse | the product of a number and its multiplicative inverse is 1
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| Chapter 6 ratio | a comparison of two numbers using division
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| proportion | an equation that states that two ratios are equal
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| similar figures | figures that have the same shape but not necessarily the same size. Corresponding angles of similar figures are congruent, and the ratios of the lengths of corresponding sides are equal
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| corresponding parts | a pair of sides or angles that have the same relative position in two figures
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| congruent figures | figures that have the same shape and the same size. Corresponding angles and sides of congruent figures are congruent
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| scale | a ratio that gives the relationship between the dimensions of a scale drawing or a scale model and the actual dimensions of the object
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| favorable outcomes | outcomes that correspond to a specified event
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| probability | a number from 0 to 1 that measured the likelihood that an event will occur
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| odds in favor | when all outcomes are equally likely, the ratio of the number of favorable outcomes to the number of unfavorably outcomes is called the odds in favor of an event
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| odds against | when all outcomes are equally likely, the ratio of the number of unfavorable outcomes to the number of favorable outcomes is called odds against an event
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| Chapter 7 percent | a ratio whose denominator is 100. The symbol for percent is %
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| markup | the increase from the wholesale price of an item to the retail price
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| discount | the decrease from the original price of an item to the sale price
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| interest | the amount earned or paid for the use of money
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| principal | an amount of money that is deposited or borrowed
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| balance | the sum of the principal and all interest earned
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| Chapter 8 relation | a pairing of numbers in one set with numbers in another set
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| domain | the set of all possible inputs for the relation
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| range | the difference of the greatest value and the least value in a data set
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| input | a number in the domain of a relation
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| output | a number in the range at a relation
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| function | a relation with the property that for each input there is exactly one output
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| linear equation | an equation whose graph is a line
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| function form | an equation in x and y is in function form if it is solved for y
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| x-intercept | the x-coordinate of a point where a graph crossed the x-axis
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| y-intercept | the y-coordinate of a point where a graph crosses the y-axis
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| slope | a nonvertical line is the ratio of the rise to the run between any two points on the line
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| slope-intercept form | the form of a linear equation y=mx+b where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept
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| solution of a linear system | an ordered pair is a solution of each equation in the system
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| Chapter 9 square root | a number n is a number m such that m2=n
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| perfect square | a number that is the square of an integer
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| radical expression | an expression that involves a radical sign
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| simplest form of a radical expression | a radical expression is in simplest form when (1) no factor of the expression under the radical sign is a perfect square other than 1, and (2) there are no fractions under the radical sign and no radical sign in the denominator of any fraction
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| hypotenuse | the side of a right triangle that is opposite the right angle
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| leg | the sides of a right triangle that form the right angle
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| Pythagorean Theorem | for any right triangle, the sum of the squares of the lengths a and b of the legs equals the square of the length c of the hypotenuse.
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| irrational number | a number that cannot be written as a quotient of two integers. The decimal form of an irrational number neither terminates nor repeats
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| real number | the set of all rational number and irrational numbers
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| Chapter 10 polygon | a closed plane figure who sides are segments that interest only t their endpoints
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| pentagon | a 5-sided polygon
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| hexagon | a 6-sided polygon
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| heptagon | a 7-sided polygon
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| octagon | a 8-sided polygon
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| quadrilateral | a 4-sided polygon
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| trapezoid | a quadrilateral with exactly 1 pair of parallel sides
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| parallelogram | a quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel
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| rhombus | a parallelogram with 4 congruent sides
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