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| Dates of the Archaic period |
3100-2770 BC |
| Dates of the Old Kingdom |
2770-2200 BC |
| Dates of the Middle Kingdom |
2050-1786 BC |
| Dates of the New Kingdom 1560-1087 BC |
1560-1087 BC |
| unification of upper and lower Egypt |
main accomplishment during the Archaic period |
| Menes |
probable name of the 1st pharaoh, the one who united Egypt |
| Zoser |
1st pharaoh of the third dynasty |
| step pyramid |
first pyramid |
| Zoser |
Pharaoh who had the step pyramid built |
| Imhotep |
chief builder of the first pyramid |
| Ra |
god whom the Pharaohs were supposedly descended from |
| Gizeh |
location of greatest pyramids |
| Menkure, Kephren, Khufu |
three pharaohs associated with the pyramids at Gizeh |
| Khufu |
Pharaoh for whom the great pyramid was built |
| Cheops |
Greek name for Khufu |
| Khufu |
first person to be mummified |
| vizier |
most important official under Pharaoh |
| nome |
regional division of Egypt |
| 6th dynasty |
dynasty during which the Old Kingdom falls |
| 2200 |
year in which the old Kingdom falls |
| 11th and 12th dynasties |
dynasties of the Middle Kingdom |
| Middle Kingdom |
the period of Egyptian history considered its classical age or golden age |
| Amenemhet I and Senusret III |
most powerful Pharaohs of the 12th dynasty |
| public works like drainage and irrigation |
major works that replaced pyramid building during the Middle Kingdom |
| revolt of nobles |
event of 1786 BC that ended the Middle Kingdom |
| invasion of Hyksos |
event of 1750 BC that finally demolished the Middle Kingdom |
| New Kingdom |
period of Egyptian history considered the Empire period |
| Ahmose |
Pharaoh who finished driving the Hyksos from Egypt and inaugurated the 18th dynasty |
| 18th-20th dynasties |
Dynasties of the New Kingdom |
| Ramses III |
last of the great Pharaohs |
| 1182-1151 BC |
dates of Ramses III reign |
| Ramses II/the Great |
third king of the 19th dynasty |
| Nefertari |
Ramses' wife for which he built a lavish tomb |
| Amenhotep IV |
Original name of the king who introduced monotheism to Egypt |
| Akhenaton |
adopted new name of the pharaoh who introduced monotheism to Egypt |
| 1375-1360 BC |
Dates of Akhenaton's reign |
| Aton |
the sun, focus of Akhenaton's worship |
| El-Amarna |
new capital under Akhenaton |
| King Tutankhamen |
Akhenaton's son and successor |
| Thebes |
the old capital to which King Tut returned when he succeeded Akhenaton |
| Howard Carter |
archaeologist who discovered King Tut's tomb |
| 1922 |
year in which King Tut's tomb was discovered |
| it had not been looted |
main reason why King Tut's tomb was such a great discovery |
| temples |
building projects that replaced pyramids in New Kingdom |
| wheat cake |
meaning of the word pyramis, from which we get the word pyramid |
| Sphinx |
guardian of the pyramid of Khafra |
| stele |
item between the paws of the Sphinx containing the story of the Sphinx |
| Pylon |
the large gate at the front of an Egyptian temple |
| Hypostle Hall |
the large room with pillars in which only the priests were permitted |
| sacred lake |
this is beside a temple, represents the world before time began |
| frontalism |
artistic style involving a front view of the torso but a profile view of the head and legs |
| ka |
a statue of a deceased person, supposedly the living repository of the spirit |
| Anubis |
god of the dead and of embalming |
| Egyptian and Greek |
2 languages on the Rosetta Stone |
| heirglyphic, demotic, Greek |
three scripts on the Rosetta stone |
| 196 BC |
year in which the Rosetta stone was carved |
| 1799 AD |
year in which the Rosetta Stone was discovered |
| 1822 |
year in which the Rosetta STone was deciphered |
| The Plea of the Eloquent Peasant |
the political document promoting the ideal commitment to benevolence and justice |
| Sirius |
star on which a more accurate calendar was based than the lunar calendar |
| New Years Day |
for the Egyptians, the day when Sirius aligns with the sun |
| Osiris |
Egyptian god of nature and the Nile, became judge of the dead |
| Isis |
wife of Osiris |
| Amon |
sun god worshipped in Thebes, joined with Re |
| Seth |
god of thunder, lighning, and chaos |
| Horus |
god of the sky, light, goodness, son of Isis, represented by the eagle |
| Ma'at |
goddess of truth, justice, winged woman |
