TBI
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| Penetrating Head Injury | Open Head injury, fracture meninges and skull
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| Non penetrating head injury | more common, Closed head injury no fracture meninges or skull.
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| Meninges | membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
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| Causes of Penetrating Head injury | Missile, gunshot, Stabbed
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| Causes of Non penetrating head injury | Car accident, Pedestrian accident, Abuse, Fall, Sports.
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| Risk Factors of TBI | Age. More likely in young adults than elder or toddlers. Substance abuse. SES (more likely to be in TBI situations. Type A personality (competitive, hostile, impulsive) Type B (cooperative, docile, Helpful) High risk Sports.
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| TBI Vs Stroke | Diffuse injury to entire brain. No changes and then rapid change. More difficult to predict prognosis. ( damage to specific area more rapid recovery then it slows down)
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| Abrasion | Scratched surface
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| Laceration | Cut
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| Contusion | Bruise
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| Hemmorhage | Bleeding in brain (hematoma (focal bleeding)
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| Cerebral Edema | Sweeling due to increase in blood supply
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| infaction | death of tissue bc of deprived blood supply.
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| Characteristics | Physical, Cognitive, Communicative, Psychosocial and Pragmatic
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| Physical Deficits | difficulty walking poor coordination
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| Cognitive Deficits | Problem solving, orientation, reasoning, memeory, attention
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| Communicative Deficits | anomia, poor comprehension, speech voice swallowing.. dysphagia dysarthria
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| Pyschosocial Deficits | Impulsive,Aggressivenes, Disinhibition depression, apathy.
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| Pragmatic deficits | no turn takin. rambling speech, incoherent.
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| Prognostic Factors | the longer it last the poorer the prognosis 2-8 severe, 9-12 moderate 13-15 mild... < 2 weeks good recovery > 12 weeks poor recoveryseverity of injury focal injury better and diffuse poor recovery. age premorbid intelligence and personality
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| TBI STAGE 1 (moderate-severe) | lose consciousness. lengths varies. begins to respond to the envrionment indiscriminately and purposelessly. decreased attention, hypersenstitive to stimuli, labile, shouting biting, repetitive steroptyped movements.
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| TBI STAGE 2 (Becomes more lucid) | more purpose behavior, restles, orientation improves, follows direction, attention span improves, Able to perform ADL with supersvision.
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| TBI STAGE 3 (more independence) | problems memory, reasoning and attention
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